HS 200 Exam 3 - Bryce Lane

Grafting is a very unique form of plant propagation. Why would you want to graft a plant, after all, it requires much skill and patience?

Plant breeding often leads to plants that can't grow on their own roots, this method allows them to thrive

The most stable form of organic matter is...

humus

To increase the longevity of most seeds, you should store them in which of the following conditions?

in the refrigerator (40F with 30-40% relative humidity)

Seeds that germinate and grow normally are called

viable

Which plant organs can you take a cutting?

Roots, stems, and elaves

The single most limiting factor in root cuttings is:

reducing water loss due to transpiration

The process where one stimulates and azalea branch to root before it is cut from the main plant is an example of _____?

Layering

Why would one want to use the method of layer?

It works on plants that may have a difficult time rooting from cuttings

Your neighbor asks you why every time they cultivate the rows between their vegetable plants to control weeds, two weeks later they have more weeds to contend with than they had before. What do you tell them?

Many seeds require exposure to light and the weed seeds below the soil were brought closer to the surface by cultivation

what do you call a group of plants all derived from the same individual and propagated exclusively by vegetative means?

Clone

My big yellow flowering hybrid rose bush I bought last spring successfully survived the winter and has been growing well this spring. By early summer it began to flower and amazingly the flower are small and white! What happened

The rose is grafted and the grafted portion died all the way to the union, leaving the stock which is a wild white flowering type

A major advantage to cloning is

Limits genetic diversity

Soil texture is defined as...

the size of the mineral components in the soil

Cation exchange capacity is defined as:

the ability of a soil to hold nutrients against the forces of leaching

Organic matter is great stuff to add to your garden soils. It builds the soil, adds water holding capacity, improves nutrient holding capacity, and provides food for essential soil organisms. What is organic matter?

Plant and/or animal residue decomposed beyond the point of recognition

pH is a rating scale of:

soil acidity

The pH of most soils on the Eastern seaboard of the USA is...

5.0-6.5

The ability of soil to form clumps (aggregates) which improves water movement and root growth is called soil...

structure

Which soil texture is most chemically active and therefore able to be most fertile?

clay

Low pH soils decrease soil fertility because...

h+ cations dominate the soil solution and soil biding sites and build up nutrients, making them unavailable to the plant

The very best way to improve soils and make them able to hold more nutrients is to build them on a regular basis. The key ingredient in soil building is...

organic matter

Plant roots grow where there is:

water and air

Which component of a compost pile directly adds decomposing bacteria to the pile?

Soil

If your soil pH was 3.5, very acidic, what could you add to your soil to raise the pH and improve the fertility?

limestone

If you had no money, no material, and only a shovel, what could you do to improve root growth and improve your garden soil?

Cultivate your soil with the shovel (mix it up and add air)

Air layering is great way to stimulate rooting of many woody trees and shrubs such as gardenia. how long does it generally take to produce roots on an air layer in a landscape?

About 3 months

The number one pollutant in the world today is:

sediment

"Rootone" is a material that can be applied to the cuttings to help stimulate adventitious rooting. Rootone is a synthetic version of a naturally occurring plant hormone called __________

auxin

Trees absorbing roots grow 90% better when growing under...

mulch

The four things required for making great compost is:

water, oxygen, green stuff, and brown stuff

"Soil building" is the key to gardening success, especially when planting plants. The three "soil building" practices are:

cultivation, incorporation, invigoration

When referring to the petals of a flower collectively one uses the term _______

corolla

Them female part of the flower is termed _____

pistil

A flower that has sepals, petals, and only a stamen is most correctly termed _____

staminate

All perfect flowers are incomplete

False

Dioecious plants have _______

staminate flowers on one plant and postulate flowers on another plant of the same species

Why is it so important to know if a plant is dioecious or not?

It may have desirable or undesirable fruit

Monoecious plants have ______

staminate flowers and pistillate flowers on the same plant

It is important to know that plants in the genus Ilex are dioecious. Why?

Because the females produce desirable red fruit

Do the male plants of the dioecious Ginko bioloba produce flowers?

Yes

The two flower parts that have direct sexual reproductive function are ______

stamen and pistils

Where does pollination occur in plants?

stigma

An example of a self incompatible plant that requires home garden attention would be:

apple

The "easiest" most economic way to overcome self incompatibility would be _______

employ the Mr. Rogers method

What is a major disadvantage to cloning plants?

Limits genetic diversity

What is the primary goal of a seed bank?

It serves as a "safety deposit box" for storing seeds to maintain genetic diversity of a species in case of catastrophic events such as war, global warming, etc.

What soil component is highest in CEC?

Humus

What is the best way to determine your pH and soil fertility?

Do an NCDA soil test

A mature flower ovary is called a _____

fruit

What part of "plant pregnancy" is different genetic information than the mother? This explains why a grafted apple will always produce more than one kind of fruit regardless of "who" pollinates the flowers.

The seed

Why does it typically take three months for the nutrients in organic fertilizers to become available to the plant?

The mineralizing and nitrifying bacteria take that long to convert the organic matter to available nutrition

What do you call the study of using the growth rings of a tree to verify climate events in history?

dendrochronology

Macronutrients are _____

nutrients needed by the plants in large quantities

Plants deficient in Nitrogen exhibit the following symptoms ______

Chlorosis of older leaves

Where do most trees absorbing roots grow?

at a depth of 12-18 inches in the soil

Easy method of vegetative propagation where you cut crowns with a knife or spade

division

The process in which seed coats are compromised (broken) in order to break physical dormancy is termed:

Scarification

One of the best ways to go "green" (be sustainable) in the garden is to

water efficiently, compost, practice good bed prep and soil building, plant more plants

he method of scarification that best treats number seeds that are quite small is

hot water treatment

Where is the Svalbard Global Seed Vault located?

Norway

What is proboscis?

an insects mouth

How do you break dormancy in temperate plant seeds that are double dormant?

Scarify first, then stratify

In addition to anchorage and supplying water, the function of soil is to ______

hold and provide oxygen, hold and provide mineral nutrients

an ideal soil is

45% mineral, 5% organic, 25% water, and 25% air

Hummingbirds are valuable pollinators. They are highly attracted to:

red flowers high in nectar

Stem cuttings are stimulated to root when exposed to high light intensity, stuck in a warm, moist media and ______

maintained in a high relative humidity environment to decrease transpirational losses

Roots won't grow very well at all in:

Sub-soil (B horizon)

Layering is a great way to stimulate rooting of many woody trees and shrubs such as gardenia. Why is it such a reliable method of cloning?

The part that is rooting can still get water and nutrition from the roots

Monoecious plants have:

staminate flowers and pistillate flowers on the same plant

What do you call the condition where seeds germinate within a fruit?

Vivipary