Lab Safety Part 3

Preferred position during phlebotomy:

upright position or supine

Changing from supine to sitting or standing position increases levels of?

albumin, enzymes and calcium

Changing from sitting to supine increases levels of?

proteins, lipids, BUN, iron and calcium

Changing from standing to supine position decreases levels of

cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins.

Prolonged standing for more than 30 minutes increases?

potassium

Prolonged bedrest decreases?

plasma albumin

Prolonged application of tourniquet = ?

hemoconcentration and anaerobiosis

Tourniquest Application Increases levels of:

potassium, proteins (albumin), enzymes, lactate, cholesterol, and ammonia.

Prolonged use of tourniquet with fist exercise increases?

potassium (1 mmol/L)

For measurement of _______ tourniquet use should be minimal, and the patient should not clench his or her fist otherwise will result to elevated levels of lactate

lactate

Tobacco smoking can lead to increased in plasma ?

catecholamines and cortisol.

nonesterified fatty acid concentration.

Tobacco smoking can lead to increased in ?

glucose, growth hormone, cholesterol, triglycerides, ammonia, urea, lactate, insulin and urinary 5-HIAA.

Tobacco smoking can lead to decreased plasma levels of ?

Vitamin B12 and Elevated Thiocyanate.

Alcohol ingestion can lead to increased level of ?

urate, triglycerides, and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)

Alcohol ingestion can lead to what disease?

Hypoglycemia (chronic alcoholism)

This affects adrenal hormone secretion

Stress

Stress can lead to an increased in?

catecholamines, cortisol, ACTH, prolactin, insulin, albumin, glucose, and lactate

Increases with mild stress

Total cholesterol

Decreases with mild stress

HDL cholesterol (15%)

Can elevate liver function enzymes.

Hepatotoxic drugs

can cause decreased plasma sodium and potassium.

Diuretics

Cause increases in liver and pancreatic enzymes.

Opiates

increased in AM

ACTH, aldosterone, cortisol, and iron.

decreased in PM

Acid phosphatase, Growth hormone, Parathyroid hormone, Thyroid Stimulating hormone

Affected by age (increased levels):

Albumin, Alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and phosphorus

Affected by gender (increased levels), Males:

Albumin, ALP, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, BUN

Affected by gender (increased levels), Females:

HDL, iron and cholesterol

Affected by recent food ingestion, increased:

Glucose, TAG, gastrin, free calcium

Affected by recent food ingestion, decreased:

Electrolytes (Cl-, K+, P+), ALP, AMS