Brazilian Romanticism

Flashcards covering the key aspects of Brazilian Romanticism

Romantic Aesthetics

The rise and consolidation of the bourgeoisie, influenced by the French Revolution.

Liberal Values

Values such as individualism, constitutionalism, and a free market.

Aesthetic Characteristics

Individualism, subjectivity, sentimentalism, egocentrism, and ultraromanticism.

Nationalism

Focuses on local color, national heroes, medievalism (in Europe), and Indianism (in Brazil).

Liberty and Revolt

Rebellion against classical rules and social engagement.

Prose

Novel and short story.

Brazilian Romanticism

Began in 1836 with the publication of 'Suspiros poéticos e saudades' by Gonçalves de Magalhães, divided into poetry and prose.

First Generation Poetry (Nationalism)

Consolidates national identity and idealizes the indigenous population as national heroes with European chivalric attributes.

Key Figures: First Generation Poetry

Gonçalves Dias.

Second Generation (Ultraromanticism/Byronism)

Exaggerated sentimentalism, melancholy, ennui (spleen), pessimism, and morbidity.

Characteristics of Ultraromanticism

Idealization of love, women, and childhood; escapism through death, dreams, and drunkenness.

Key Figures: Second Generation Poetry

Álvares de Azevedo.

Third Generation (Condoreirism)

Evident political engagement, focusing on social issues such as abolitionism.

Political and Social Focus: Third Generation

Liberalism emphasizing political and social freedom, sensualism, and mature eroticism.

Key Figures: Third Generation Poetry

Castro Alves.

Memórias de um sargento de milícias

A novel by Manuel Antônio de Almeida, originally published in serial form between 1954 and 1955.

Narrative Intentions

The narrator shows great interest in discussing their own time and intends to record the customs of the time when the king (Don João XI) was in Rio de Janeiro.

Deviation from Traditional Romanticism

It deviates from traditional Romanticism with an anti-hero protagonist and the absence of Manichaeism.

Romantic Elements

Despite deviating, it is still classified as Romantic due to the presence of a love story and adventures.