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Tenement

a run down and often over crowded apartment house

sweatshops

a factory where employees work long hours at low wages and unhealthy condition

Navitism

favoring native-born Americans over immigrants

cultural assimilation

when immigrant groups are encouraged to adapt the culture/values/behavior of their host nation

melting pot

culture's being blended into one big American identity

salad bowl

when cultures maintain distinct cultural characteristics

cultural preservation

maintaining cultural traditions from the present for the future

Chinease Exclusion Act

Did not allow Chinese immigrants in to America

Muckraker

a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society

Progressive Era

1890-1920, efforts to reform and improve American society

changes made in progressive era

politics, economics and everyday life

Upton Sinclar, The Jungle

Brought attention to the terrible working conditions in meat packing plants. This author and novel brought Roosevelt to take investigative action.

Nelie Bly

reported/exposed terrible treatment of mentally ill and wrote 10 days in a mental asylum

Jane Addams

abolished child labor, limited work hours, safer working conditions in factories

Ida Tarbell

exposed the corruption of the oil industry. created rules against unfair business practice

Jacob Riis

exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC

child labor highest in

1900

child labor lowest in

1930

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

146 women killed while locked into the burning building (brought attention to poor working conditions)

Sufferge

the right to vote

Suffragettes

women who fought for the right to vote

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

women right movement POC

POC and women fought for the right to vote together but once black men got their right to vote they broke apart. black women had to beg to be apart of the women's right movement (had to dight longer than the white women)

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership of capital

George Pullman

Invented the sleeping car

John D. Rockefeller

Standard oil company, would put his competitor's out of business

Andrew Carnegie

Helped build the American steel industry

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Shipping and railroad tycoon

free market

prices are determined by unrestricted competition

invisible hand

A phrase to visualize how the market runs itself on its own by producers and consumers

profit motive

Encourages people to risk their money to produce goods and services

incentive

Doing something that motivates or encourages someone to do something

supply and demand

relationship between the amount of product and the desire for the product (helps set price of a product and determine how much of it to make)

Laiissez-faire

Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy.

Ellis Island

Immigration processing center that open in New York Harbor

Immigration Push factors

war, poor economy, poverty

Immigration Pull Factors

good jobs, democracy, religious freedom

urbanization

process of cities forming

industrilization

the development of factories and industry

J.P. Morgan

investment banker, commercial banking, asset manager

labor union

An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members

collective bargaining

how a labor union negociates on behalf of its members

Knights of Union

fought for better working conditions