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What are the shared characteristics of all chordates?
1. notochord
2. dorsal hollow nerve cord
3. pharyngeal slits
4. post-anal tail
Which subphyla of Chordata include tunicates, lancelets (amphioxus), and sea squirts?
1. Urochordata (tunicates)
2. Cephalochordata
(lancelets (amphioxus)
and sea squirts)
What is the body symmetry in Urochordata/Cephalochordata?
bilateral
What is the tissue organization in Urochordata/Cephalochordata?
triploblasts (Eumetazoa)
Does Urochordata/Cephalochordata have coeloms?
coelomate
What is the circulatory system in Urochordata/Cephalochordata?
heart
What is the nervous system in Urochordata/Cephalochordata?
primitive
What is the respiratory system in Urochordata/Cephalochordata?
none (diffusion)
What is the digestive system in Urochordata/Cephalochordata?
alimentary canal
Where do organisms in Urochordata/Cephalochordata live?
marine environments
What structural component do organisms in Urochordata/Cephalochordata lack?
vertebrae
How long do organisms in Cephalochordata possess a notochord?
through adulthood
How long do organisms in Urochordata possess a notochord?
only as larvae
Organisms in Urochordata have tunics composed of what material?
cellulose
How do organisms in Urochordata obtain food?
filter feeding (heterotrophic)
How do organisms in Cephalochordata obtain food?
particles get trapped in secreted mucus
Which superclass of Chordata contains hagfish and lampreys (jawless fish)
Agnatha
What is the body symmetry in Agnatha?
bilateral
What is the tissue organization in Agnatha?
triploblast (Eumetazoa)
Do agnathans have a coelom?
coelomate
What is the circulatory system in Agnatha?
two chambered heart
What is the nervous system in Agnatha?
complete, brain
What is the respiratory system in Agnatha?
gills
What is the digestive system in Agnatha?
alimentary canal
What type of skeleton do agnathans possess?
cartilaginous skeleton
What type of skeletal system do hagfish possess?
skull, vertebrae but no vertebral column
What substance composes the biting structures in jawless fish?
keratin
Which class of Chordata contains sharks (cartilaginous fish)?
Chondrichthyes
What is the body symmetry in Chondrichthyes?
bilateral
What is the tissue organization in Chondrichthyes?
triploblast (Eumetazoa)
Do organisms in Chondrichthyes contain a coelom?
coelomate
What is the circulatory system in Chondrichthyes?
two chambered heart
What is the nervous system in Chondrichthyes?
complete, brain
What is the respiratory system in Chondrichthyes?
gills
What is the digestive system in Chondrichthyes?
alimentary canal
From Chondrichthyes to more advanced organisms, what stage in development is the notochord present?
only in the embryonic stage
(Note: replaced by vertebrae in adulthood)
Which class of Chordata contains salmon and halibut (bony fish)
Osteichthyes
What is the body symmetry in Osteichthyes?
bilateral
What is the tissue organization in Osteichthyes?
triploblast (Eumetazoa)
do organisms in Osteichthyes have a coelom?
coelomate
What is the circulatory system in Osteichthyes?
two chambered heart
What is the nervous system in Osteichthyes?
complete, brain
what is the respiratory system in Osteichthyes?
gills
What is the digestive system in Osteichthyes?
alimentary canal
What are the distinguishing structural features of organisms in Osteichthyes?
1. scales
2. bony skeleton
Which class of Chordata contains frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts?
Amphibia
What is the body symmetry in Amphibia?
bilateral
What is the embryonic development in Amphibia?
triploblasts (Eumetazoa)
Do amphibians have a coelom?
coelomate
What is the nervous system in Amphibia?
complete, brain
What is the circulatory system in Amphibia?
three chambered heart
what is the respiratory system in Amphibia?
1. gills (juvenile)
2. lungs (adult)
What is the digestive system in Amphibia?
alimentary canal
What term describes how amphibian' body temperatures vary with the environment?
cold-blooded (poikolthermic)
Where do amphibian larvae live?
aquatic habitats
Where do amphibian adults live?
land habitats
What structures in amphibian ears transmit vibrations?
tympanic membrane
and stapes
Which class of Chordata contains duckbill platypuses, kangaroos, and humans?
Mammalia
What is the body symmetry in Mammalia?
bilateral
Do mammals have a coelom?
coelomate
What is the circulatory system in Mammalia?
four chambered heart
What is the nervous system in Mammalia?
complete, brain
What is the respiratory system in Mammalia?
lungs
What is the digestive system in Mammalia?
alimentary canal
Which chordates are amniotes?
birds, mammals,
and reptiles
(Note: an animal
whose embryo
develops in an
amnion and chorion
and has an allantois)
What texture are the eggs in Monotremata?
leathery
Where do young receive milk in Monotremata?
mother's fur
(Note: mammary
glands with many
openings - no nipples)
Which term describes how marsupials temperature does not change with the environment?
warm-blooded (homothermic)
What is the relative length of the gestation period in marsupials?
short
(Note: young born
extremely premature
and crawl into marsupium)
What is the relative length of the lactation period in marsupials?
prolonged
How is the fetus supported in mammals such as bats, whales, mice, and humans?
placenta
Which class of Chordata contains turtles, snakes, crocodiles, and alligators?
Reptilia
What is the body symmetry in Reptilia?
bilateral
What is the tissue organization in Reptilia?
triploblast (Eumetazoa)
Do reptiles have a coelom?
coelomate
What is the circulatory system in Reptilia?
three chambered heart
(Note: crocodiles have 4 chambered)
What is the nervous system in Reptilia?
complete, brain
What is the respiratory system in Reptilia?
lungs
What is the digestive system in Reptilia?
alimentary canal
How does a reptile's blood vary with the environment?
cold-blooded (poikolthermic)
What is the main habitat for reptiles?
land
What is the texture of reptilian eggs?
leathery
Which type of fertilization occurs in Reptilia?
internal fertilization
Which class of Chordata contains eagles and blue jays?
Aves
What is the body symmetry in Aves?
bilateral
What is the tissue organization in Aves?
triploblast (Eumetazoa)
Do birds have a coelom?
coelomate
What is the circulatory system in Aves?
four chambered heart
What is the nervous system in Aves?
complete, brain
What is the respiratory system in Aves?
lungs
What is the digestive system in Aves?
alimentary canal
How do birds' blood respond to the environment?
warm-blooded (homothermic)
What is the texture of eggs in Aves?
shelled
What are the modified scales in Aves?
feathers
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