PHYS FINAL EXAM (Conceptual Review)

A humming bird flying at 4 km/h that gets caught in a 3-km/h crosswind has a resultant speed of about

A) 3 km/h.

B) 4 km/h.

C) 5 km/h.

D) more than 5 km/h.

C) 5 km/h.

Which of the following is not a vector quantity?

A) Velocity

B) Speed

C) Acceleration

D) [all of these]

E) [none of these]

B) Speed

A mosquito flying at 3 m/s that encounters a breeze blowing at 3 m/s in the opposite direction has a speed of

A) 0.

B) 3 m/s.

C) 4 m/s.

D) 6 m/s.

A) 0.

A mosquito flying at 3 m/s that encounters a breeze blowing at 3 m/s in the same direction has a speed of

A) 0.

B) 3 m/s.

C) 4 m/s.

D) 6 m/s.

D) 6 m/s.

It there were no gravity, a stone thrown upward at 45° would follow a straight line path. Because of gravity, at the end of 1 second, the stone is actually

A) 5 m below the straight line.

B) 10 m below the straight line.

C) 15 m below the straight line.

A) 5 m below the straight line.

A bullet fired horizontally from a rifle begins to fall

A) as soon as it leaves the barrel.

B) after air friction reduces its speed.

C) [neither of these]

A) as soon as it leaves the barrel.

The amount of force needed to sustain motion of a rock in outer space is

A) a force equal to its weight.

B) a force less than its weight if friction is absent.

C) [none of these]

C) [none of these]

When no forces act on moving objects, their paths are normally

A) straight lines.

B) circles.

C) ellipses.

D) [all of these]

A) straight lines.

A 5-N falling object encounters 5 N of air resistance. The net force on the object is

A) 0.

B) 4 N.

C) 6 N.

D) 5 N.

E) [none of these]

A) 0.

According to Isaac Newton, the greater the masses of interacting objects, the

A) less the gravitational force between them.

B) greater the gravitational force between them.

C) greater the force between them by the square of the masses.

B) greater the gravitational force between them.

According to Newton, when the distance between two interacting objects doubles, the 5 gravitational force is

A) half.

B) one-quarter.

C) the same.

D) twice as much.

E) four times as much.

B) one-quarter.

The work you do when pushing a shopping cart a given distance while applying twice as much force is

A) half as much.

B) twice as much.

C) four times as much.

D) the same amount.

B) twice as much.

The work done in pushing a TV set a distance of 2 m with an average force of 20 N is

A) 2 J.

B) 10 J.

C) 20 J.

D) 40 J.

E) 800 J.v

D) 40 J.

The mass of a ball moving at 3 m/s with a momentum of 48 kg-m/s is

A) 4 kg.

B) 12 kg.

C) 16 kg.

D) 144 kg.

E) [none of these]

C) 16 kg.

A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it rolls at the same velocity but has twice as much mass, its momentum is

A) zero.

B) twice.

C) four times as much.

D) unchanged.

B) twice.

Your pet hamster sits on a record player that has constant angular velocity. If the hamster moves to a point twice as far from the center, then its linear speed

A) doubles.

B) halves.

C) remains the same.

A) doubles.

If a turntable's rotational velocity is doubled, then the linear velocity of a pet hamster sitting on

the edge of the record will

A) double.

B) halve.

C) remain the same.

A) double.

The equilibrium rule, applies to

A) objects or systems at rest.

B) objects or systems in uniform motion in a straight line.

C) [both of these]

D) [neither of these]

C) [both of these]

The equilibrium rule applies to

A) vector quantities.

B) quantities that are equal in magnitude.

C) scalar quantities.

D) any kind of quantities.

A) vector quantities.

Radio waves travel at the speed of light, or 300,000 km/s. The wavelength of a radio wave received at 100 megahertz is

A) 0.3 m.

B) 3 m.

C) 30 m.

D) 300 m.

E) [none of these]

B) 3 m.

A 60-vibration-per-second wave travels 30 meters in 1 second. Its frequency is

A) 30 hertz and it travels at 60 m/s.

B) 60 hertz and it travels at 30 m/s.

C) 1800 hertz and it travels at 2 m/s.

D) [none of these]

B) 60 hertz and it travels at 30 m/s.

Water waves pass by a piece of cork floating on the water that bobs up and down one complete cycle each second. The waves are 2 meters long. What is the speed of the wave?

A) 0.25 m/s

B) 0.50 m/s

C) 1 m/s

D) 2 m/s

E) 4 m/s

D) 2 m/s

A skipper on a boat sees wave crests passing the anchor chain every 5 seconds and estimates the distance between crests is 15 m. What is the speed of the water waves?

A) 3 m/s

B) 5 m/s

C) 15 m/s

D) [need more information]

A) 3 m/s

The pressure at the bottom of a jug filled with water does not depend on

A) the acceleration due to gravity.

B) water density.

C) the height of the liquid.

D) surface area of the water.

E) [none of these]

D) surface area of the water.

When holes are drilled through the wall of a water tower, water will spurt out with the greatest speed from the hole closest to

A) the bottom of the tower.

B) the middle of the tower.

C) the top of the tower.

D) [all the same]

A) the bottom of the tower.

A 300-kg bear grasping a vertical tree slides down at constant velocity. The friction force

between the tree and the bear is

A) 30 N.

B) 300 N.

C) 3000 N.

D) more than 3000 N

C) 3000 N

Which of the following is not a vector quantity?

A) Velocity

B) Speed

C) Acceleration

D) [all of these]

E) [none of these]

Speed (scalar)

An 80-km/h airplane flying in the same direction as a 10-

km/h tail wind has a ground speed of

A) 10 km/h.

B) 70 km/h.

C) 80 km/h.

D) 90 km/h.

90 km/h

A mosquito flying at 3 m/s that encounters a breeze blowing at 3 m/s in the same direction has a speed of

A) 0 m/s.

B) 3 m/s.

C) 4 m/s.

D) 6 m/s.

6 m/s

Katelyn runs along the aisle of a train that moves at 8 m/s.Her speed relative to the floor is 3 m/s. Her speed relative to an observer at rest on the ground is

A) 5 m/s.

B) 11 m/s.

C) 5 m/s or 11 m/s, depending on her running direction.

D) indeterminate.

5 m/s or 11 m/s, depending on her running direction.

The speedometer of an automobile reads

A) average speed.

B) instantaneous speed.

C) accelerated speed.

instantaneous speed

The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are

A) acceleration and time.

B) velocity and time.

C) distance and time.

D) distance and acceleration.

E) velocity and distance.

distance and time

If a car increases its velocity from zero to 60 m/s in 10 seconds, its acceleration is

A) 3 m/s2.

B) 6 m/s2.

C) 60 m/s2.

D) 600 m/s2.

6 m/s²

An object covers a distance of 8 meters in the first second of travel, another 8 meters during the next second, and 8 meters again during the third second. Its acceleration is

A) 0.

B) 5 m/s².

C) 8 m/s².

D) 24 m/s².

0

A freely-falling watermelon falls with constant

A) velocity.

B) speed.

C) acceleration.

D) distances each successive second.

acceleration

While an iron block near the Earth's surface is in free fall, it undergoes an increase in

A) speed.

B) acceleration.

C) both speed and acceleration.

D) nothing.

speed

Nellie tosses a ball upward at an angle. Assuming no air resistance, which component of velocity changes with time?

A) Horizontal component

B) Vertical component

C) [both of these]

D) [neither of these]

vertical component

Neglecting air resistance, as soon as a bowling ball rolls off the edge of a table its horizontal component of velocity

A) decreases.

B) remains constant.

C) increases.

remains constant

A hockey puck is set in motion across a frozen pond. If ice friction and air resistance are neglected, the force required to keep the puck sliding at constant velocity is

A) equal to its weight.

B) equal to its weight divided by its mass.

C) equal to its mass times its weight.

D) [none of these]

none of these

The amount of force needed to sustain motion of a rock in outer space is

A) a force equal to its weight.

B) a force less than its weight if friction is absent.

C) [none of these]

none of these

A constant net force on a railroad car produces constant

A) velocity.

B) acceleration.

C) [both of these]

D) [neither of these]

acceleration

If an object’s mass is decreasing while a constant force is applied to the object, the acceleration

A) decreases.

B) increases.

C) remains the same.

increases

When you walk, you push on the floor to the left and the floor

A) also pushes on you to the left.

B) pushes on you to the right.

C) [both of these simultaneously]

D) can only wish it could push on you.

E) [none of these]

pushes on you to the right.

The force of friction on a sliding object is 10 N. The applied force needed to maintain a constant velocity is

A) more than 10 N.

B) less than 10 N.

C) 10 N.

10 N

A 10-N falling object encounters 4 N of air resistance. The net force on the object is

A) 0.

B) 4 N.

C) 6 N.

D) 10 N.

E) [none of these]

6 N

When a falling object has reached its terminal velocity, its acceleration is

A) 0.

B) g.

C) constant.

0

A ball is thrown vertically into the air. Because of air resistance on the way up and on the way down, its speed when it returns to its starting level compared with its initial speed is

A) less.

B) the same.

C) more.

the same

Isaac Newton discovered

A) gravity.

B) that gravity is universal.

C) [neither of these]

that gravity is universal

According to Isaac Newton, the greater the masses of interacting objects, the

A) less the gravitational force between them.

B) greater the gravitational force between them.

C) greater the force between them by the square of the masses.

greater the gravitational force between them.

The difference between Newton’s law of universal gravitation as a proportion and as an equation involves

A) the constant G.

B) the equal sign.

C) one being a vector and the other a scalar.

D) magnitude and direction.

the constant G

The gravitational constant G was first measured

A) before Newton’s time.

B) by Newton himself.

C) after Newton’s time.

after Newton’s time

The force of Earth’s gravity on a capsule in space will lessen as it moves farther away. If the capsule moves to twice its distance, the force toward Earth becomes

A) half.

B) three-quarters.

C) one-fourth.

D) [none of these]

one-fourth

The force of Earth’s gravity on a capsule in space increases as it comes closer. When the capsule moves to half its distance, the force toward Earth is then

A) twice.

B) three times greater.

C) four times greater.

D) [none of these]

four times greater

Your weight is the force

A) due to gravity only.

B) you exert against a supporting surface.

C) equal to your normal force on any surface.

equal to your normal force on any surface

When you weigh yourself on a bathroom scale on a slight incline instead of a level surface, your weight reading on the scale will be

A) less.

B) no different.

C) more.

less

The concept of force is fundamental to

A) Newton’s theory of gravitation.

B) Einstein’s theory of gravitation.

C) [both of these]

D) [neither of these]

Newton’s theory of gravitation.

An asteroid exerts a 360-N gravitational force on a nearby spacecraft. The 360-N force on the spacecraft is directed

A) toward the asteroid.

B) away from the asteroid.

C) toward the Sun.

toward the asteroid.

The work done in pushing a TV set a distance of 2 m with an average force of 20 N is

A) 2 J.

B) 10 J.

C) 20 J.

D) 40 J.

E) 800 J.

40 J

The work you do when pushing a shopping cart twice as far while applying the same force is

A) half as much.

B) twice as much.

C) four times as much.

D) the same amount.

twice as much

An object that has kinetic energy must be

A) moving.

B) falling.

C) at an elevated position.

D) at rest.

E) [none of these]

moving

Two identical golf carts move at different speeds. The faster cart has twice the speed and therefore has

A) twice the kinetic energy.

B) four times the kinetic energy.

C) eight times the kinetic energy.

D) [none of these]

four times the kinetic energy

A ball rolling down an incline has its maximum potential energy at

A) the top.

B) a quarter of the way down.

C) halfway down.

D) the bottom.

the top

A ball rolling down an incline has its maximum kinetic energy at

A) the top.

B) halfway down.

C) three-quarters of the way down.

D) the bottom.

the bottom

Which has the greater momentum when moving?

A) Container ship

B) Bullet

C) [either of these, depending on velocity]

container ship

Which of the following has the largest momentum relative to the Earth’s surface?

A) Tightrope walker crossing Niagara Falls

B) Pickup truck speeding along a highway

C) Mack truck parked in a parking lot

D) Science building on campus

E) Mouse running across your room

Pickup truck speeding along a highway

A car traveling along the highway brakes to a stop over a certain distance. More braking force is required if the car has

A) more mass.

B) more momentum.

C) less stopping distance.

D) [all of these]

E) [none of these]

all of these

Airbags in cars increase safety in the event of an accident because passengers hitting the inflated airbag encounter a(n)

A) lengthened time of contact.

B) shorter time of contact.

C) decreased impulse.

D) increased momentum.

lengthened time of contact.

Two identical gliders slide toward each other on an air track. One moves at 1 m/s and the other at 2 m/s. They collide, stick, and move together at

A) 1/2 m/s.

B) 1/3 m/s.

C) 1/6 m/s.

D) 3/4 m/s.

E) 3/2 m/s.

½ m/s

A 5000-kg freight car moving at 2 m/s collides with a 10000-kg freight car at rest. They couple upon collision and move away at

A) 2 m/s.

B) 1 m/s.

C) 2/3 m/s.

D) 1/3 m/s.

2/3 m/s

Horses with the greatest linear velocity on a merry-go-round are located

A) near the center.

B) near the outside.

C) anywhere, because they all move at the same velocity.

near the outside

Which horse moves faster in m/s on a merry-go-round?

A) One near the inner rail

B) One near the outer rail

C) Both move at the same velocity in m/s

One near the outer rail

Compared with a force, a torque involves

A) rotation.

B) leverage.

C) a distance from an axis of rotation.

D) [all of these]

all of these

A torque acting on an object tends to produce

A) equilibrium.

B) rotation.

C) linear motion.

D) velocity.

E) a center of gravity.

rotation

A difference between linear momentum and angular momentum involves

A) a radial distance.

B) two types of velocity.

C) [both of these]

D) [neither of these]

both of these

Multiply the equation for linear momentum by the radial distance and you have

A) rotational kinetic energy.

B) angular momentum.

C) rotational inertia.

angular momentum

A swimming area in a rotating space habitat is located in a region of 1/4-g. If a diver can jump 1 m high in a 1-g region, how high can the same diver jump in the swimming area?

A) 1 m

B) 2 m

C) 4 m

D) 16 m

E) more than 16 m

4 m

If the rotational velocity of a rotating habitat in space increases, the weight experienced by occupants

A) decreases.

B) stays the same.

C) increases.

D) is always zero.

increases

The net force on any object in equilibrium is

A) zero.

B) equal to its weight.

C) less than its weight.

D) non-zero when motion is involved.

zero

The equilibrium rule applies to

A) objects or systems at rest.

B) objects or systems in uniform motion in a straight line.

C) [both of these]

D) [neither of these]

both of these

The minimum number of forces that act on a book resting on a table is

A) 1.

B) 2.

C) 3.

D) 4.

E) [none of these]

2

The support force on a 10-N book at rest on a table is

A) slightly less than 10 N.

B) 10 N.

C) slightly greater than 10 N.

D) dependent on the position of the book.

10 N

The source of all waves is

A) something that vibrates.

B) energy.

C) a force of some kind.

D) [all of these]

E) [none of these]

something that vibrates

A fishing boat captain returns to port saying, “It's rough out there with waves that are 4 meters high.” He is probably talking about waves of amplitude

A) 1 m.

B) 2 m.

C) 3 m.

D) 4 m.

2 m

If a child swinging to-and-fro on a playground swing stands up, her time for a to-and-fro swing is

A) longer.

B) shorter.

C) unchanged.

shorter

The pendulum with the greatest frequency is one with the

A) shortest length.

B) longest length.

C) [neither of these]

shortest length

A wave travels an average distance of one meter in one second with a frequency of 1 hertz. Its amplitude is

A) less than 1 meter.

B) 1 meter.

C) more than 1 meter.

D) [need more information]

need more information

The distance traveled by a wave during a single period is

A) one-half wavelength.

B) one wavelength.

C) two wavelengths.

D) [none of these]

one wavelength

The Doppler effect is characteristic of

A) water waves.

B) sound waves.

C) light waves.

D) [all of these]

E) [none of these]

all of these

In the Doppler effect, it is important to distinguish between

A) frequency and speed.

B) speed and velocity.

C) speed and acceleration.

D) distance and displacement.

frequency and speed

The concept of pressure involves both

A) force and volume.

B) force and area.

C) area and volume.

force and area

Which will remain the same for two identical books, one lying flat and the other standing on an end?

A) Weight

B) Pressure

C) [both of these]

D) [neither of these]

weight

A completely submerged object always displaces its own

A) volume of fluid.

B) weight of fluid.

C) density of fluid.

D) [all of these]

E) [none of these]

volume of fluid

When an object is partly or wholly immersed in a liquid, it is buoyed

A) by a force equal to its own weight.

B) by a force equal to the weight of liquid displaced.

C) and floats in accord with Archimedes' principle.

D) [all of these]

E) [none of these]

by a force equal to the weight of liquid displaced

What is the weight of water displaced by a 100-ton floating ship?

A) Less than 100 tons

B) 100 tons

C) More than 100 tons

D) 100 cubic meters

E) [depends on the ship’s shape]

100 tons

A pendulum clock at high altitudes runs

A) fast

B) slow

C) normally as it does at sea level

slow

The stride of a horse would be quicker if more mass in its legs were concentrated

A) in the upper body nearer the horses body

B) towards its feet

C) halfway up its legs

towards its feet

The force needed to keep a ball rolling along a bowling alley is

(a) due to gravity.

(b) an inertial force.

(c) a slight breeze.

(d) None of these.

none of these

The equilibrium rule, ΣF = 0, applies to objects

(a) at rest.

(b) moving at constant velocity.

(c) Both.

(d) Neither

both

If gravity between the Sun and Earth suddenly vanished, Earth would continue moving in

(a) a curve.

(b) a straight line.

(c) an outward spiral.

(d) an inward spiral.

a straight line

The average speed of a gazelle traveling a distance of 2 km in a time of one-half hour is

(a) 1 km/h.

(b) 2 km/h.

(c) 4 km/h.

(d) greater than 4 km/h.

4 km/h