Self-Test Chapter 17: Concentration

KINE 4000

Top athletes seem to be able to do just the right thing at just the right time. From an attentional perspective, research has shown that this is mostly due to their ability to

analyze situations more quickly and use more anticipatory cues

What is recommended to help alleviate choking?

imagery, secondary task focus, and preshot routines

"Cue" words are often effective because

• They can help "trigger" a particular response

• They can be motivational or emotionally stimulating

• They may have an instructional component

Beliefs (i.e., self-talk) about adversity determine whether individuals' emotional and behavioral reactions are adaptive or maladaptive. This refers to

Rational emotive behavior therapy

Focusing on another task that depletes attentional capacity is known as

ego-depletion

Telling oneself "yes" or "good" after giving oneself some instructions regarding performance is known as

self-feedback

Which of the following is NOT a key element included in most definitions of concentration?

the ability to narrow attentional focus during intense pressure

What are some key elements included in most definitions of concentration?

 

The ability to focus attention on the relevant cues, having the proper attentional focus depending on the situation, and maintaining that attentional focus for the duration of the competition

Which of these is true regarding self-talk and different cultures?

East Asians had a higher percentage of negative to positive self-talk than did European Americans, AND negative self-talk is related to poorer performance among European Americans.

Psychophysiological research on attentional processes in archers and pistol shooters has revealed that accuracy is increased when performers' brain waves are in which frequency?

alpha

An athlete who is losing in a tennis match might tell her opponent that the opponent is "really following through on her serve nicely." From an attentional perspective, this is a ploy to have the opponent

start to focus and think too much about her serve

From an attentional perspective, over learning of skills

makes the skills more automatic, thus requiring less attention

Individuals with a good ability to concentrate, scan, and store relevant cues are likely to score _____ on a concentration block grid in 1 minute.

in the upper 20s to low 30s

Individuals in the early learning stage should use _______ self-talk whereas individuals later in learning should use _____ self-talk

instructional; motivational

Which of the following would NOT be classified as an internal distracter?

visual and auditory distracters

Telling yourself to "focus!" probably is best defined as

a cue word for bringing you back into a present focus

In preparing for a major competition, many elite athletes structure training to put themselves under the same sort of pressure encountered during the actual competition. This is an example of

simulation training

If a pole-vaulter shifts attention from imagining the approach to the pit to focusing on actually seeing the runway, his attentional focus has changed from _____ to _____.

none of the above

A study using mindfulness with marines found that marines who practiced mindfulness

had heart rates and breathing rates return back to baseline faster

Why would you want to have a friend wave his arms around you while you are focusing on a basketball?

to force you to maintain concentration on the ball

If a golfer shifts attention just prior to a tee shot, from the length of the fairway and the direction of the wind to focusing only on the ball, her attention has shifted from _____ to _____.

broad-external to narrow-external

High scores on the BIT subscale of Nideffer's TAIS indicate

an ability to effectively integrate several ideas at one time

Which of the following is NOT a subscale of the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style?

broad-narrow

What are subscales of the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style?

external overload, reduced focus, broad-internal, internal overload

To improve concentration, an athlete should

establish routines and practice eye control

Developing competitive plans should focus on what type of goals?

process goals

Which of these is true regarding the "quiet eye"?

Interventions to improve quiet eye increased both quiet eye time and
performance.

According to Nideffer, effective attenders indicate that they can

• deal well with a multitude of stimuli from both external and internal sources

• effectively switch their attention from broad to narrow when necessary

• attend to many stimuli (both internally and externally) while not becoming overloaded with too much information

Research investigating differences between experts and novices concludes that these differences are in large part due to experts' ability to

attend more to advance information to make faster decisions, and predict the flight pattern of a ball

According to recent research, instructional self-talk is best on what type of tasks?

accuracy

"No look" passes in basketball are really accomplished by using

advanced cues to predict teammates' future movements

According to the text, "choking" should be defined as

a process that leads to impaired performance

The core concepts of mindfulness are

awareness and acceptance

Which of these is NOT one of the 5 Ps of self-talk training?

predictable

WHat are the 5 P’s of Self -Talk Training 

practiced

position

positive phrasing

personalized

purpose 

The risk of trying to maintain concentration throughout a competition is

losing concentration due to fatigue

Which of the following best represents William James's classic description of attention?

it implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others

Controlled processing is mental processing that requires

conscious attention

Most theories investigating the role of attention in performance have used what type of approach?

 

information-processing

Associative strategies can be broken up into which two categories?

active self-regulation; internal sensory monitoring

Using a trigger word to stop negative self-statements is called

thought stopping

Results from the study of self-talk among junior tennis players (Van Raalte et al.) revealed that

none of the above

An example of Nideffer's broad-external type of attentional focus is

a basketball point guard's rapidly assessing the positioning of the defense while on a fast break

According to Vealey's model on managing pressure and choking, during competition an athlete should focus on which of these?

accepting, centering, and trusting

Tennis and baseball players are able to successfully hit balls traveling toward them at high speeds because

they have learned to predict the flight of the ball by using advanced attentional cues

A response to either good or bad performances that causes a personal, ego-involved reaction during competition is known as

judgemental thinking 

Entirely focusing on body mechanics and movements

• is important when learning a skill

• may be inappropriate once a skill becomes automatic

• may be detrimental to performance because the mind gets in the way of the body

Future-oriented thinking (attending to events in the future)

is common among younger athletes

"Ironic processes" in sport refers to

the idea that trying not to perform an action can trigger its occurrence accidentally

In a study on figure skaters, self-monitoring helped skaters to become

more task focused

Research has indicated that paying attention to step-by-step instructions is most helpful

for new learners

Which of these is a major process involved in explaining the attention-performance relationship?

attentional selectivity and attentional capacity

According to a study by Hill and colleagues (2010), which of these was NOT identified as an antecedent to choking?

lack of mental preparation

In a study by Gucciardi and Dimmock (2008), choking was found to be best explained by the

attention threshold hypothesis

Just before shooting, elite pistol shooters display

cardiac deceleration

According to a summary of 25 years of research on association/dissociation,

dissociation can reduce the fatigue and monotony of training or recreational runs