APUSH Unit 6 Part 1 Vocab

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

1st law to restrict immigration on basis of race/nationality

“open range” ranching

ranching whereby cowboys corralled cattle on US government-owned land and drove them to RR junctions in Kansas for sale

barbed wire

invention by Joseph Glidden that helped bring about the end of open-range ranching by cutting off access to the open ranges

Homestead Act of 1862

federal law that gave 160 acres of public land free to any family that settled on it for 5 years

“sodbusters”

western settlers on Great Plains who built homes of grass

frontier thesis

Frederick Jackson Turner's theory that westward expansion shaped the American character

A Century of Dishonor

argued that American forces should stay off Indian lands

Carlisle School

place for Native Americans in Pennsylvania that sought to assimilate them into American culture

Dawes Act

Law that attempted to assimilate Indians into American culture by dividing tribal lands into 160 acre farms or 320 acre ranches

“Ghost Dance” movement

A spiritual movement by the Sioux that claimed the white man would soon disappear from their lands

Wounded Knee

"battle" between US troops and Sioux (Lakota) that signifies the end of the Indian wars

New South

term referring to South after Civil War; signifies new southern economy based upon integration into national economy, industry, and transportation improvements

Plessy v Ferguson

Supreme Court case that said “separate but equal” accommodations in public were constitutional; started Jim Crow South

Jim Crow South

term that refers to racial segregation in the South after the Civil War

Booker T. Washington

black leader who founded the Tuskegee Institute; Said social equality was “folly”; so blacks should at least improve themselves economically

Atlanta Compromise

speech made by Booker T. Washington that said social equality was not possible yet and economic equality should be focus for blacks

W. E. B. Dubois

challenged Booker T. Washington's idea of accommodation (Atlanta Compromise); said blacks should work for total social and political equality

The Grange

farm movement of late 1800s that forced lawmakers to regulate shipping costs

Treaty of Fort Laramie

said the Black Hills belonged to the Sioux--but this was later violated by the US government

literacy test

making someone interpret a document before they can vote

grandfather clause

this allowed someone to vote who was otherwise excluded, based on their family's heritage

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

organization that used the legal system to fight for African-American rights