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organic compounds contain
carbon
what is carbons atomic weight
12
what makes life possible on earth
carbon
what is a person made of
organic compounds
useful for a fast source of energy
carbs
involvement in the immune system
proteins
helpful for long term energy storage
lipids
make up cell membranes
lipids
important for insulation
lipids
contain long fatty acid chain
lipids
includes genetic material
nucleic acids
contain elements c,h,o and have a ring like structure
carbs
enzymes which can speed up reactions
proteins
mutation in dna would initially start with this
nucleic acids
large role in muscle development
proteins
monosaccharides
mono = one, sacchar = sweet, (simple sugars, such as glucose)
disaccharides
formed when two monosaccharides undergo dehydration reaction
polysaccharides
a long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds
lipids
diverse group of compounds and largely nonpolar and hydrophobic. provides insulation from the environment and animals
fatty acids
hydrocarbon chains connected by single bonds(saturated)
one or more double bonds (unsaturated)
each double may be a cis (same side of hydrocarbon) or trans (opposite sides)
phospholipids
major constituents of the plasma membrane. Has two fatty acids and a modified phosphate group attached to glycerol backbone.
Hydrophilic head, Hydrophilic tail
Steroids
fused ring structure. cholesterol = most common steroid
Amino acids
monomers that make up proteins. same fundamental structure. consists of central carbon atom bonded to amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, R group. multiple amino acids are joined by peptide bonds through dehydration synthesis
nucleic acids
most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. two main types: DNA, RNA.
Purines
two carbon nitrogen rings, adenine, thymine
Pyrimidines
single carbon-nitrogen rings. cytosine, thymine, uracil
DNA
carries genetic info and remains in the nucleus. Has a double helix. includes cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine
RNA
Involved in protein synthesis and leaves in nucleus. is single stranded. includes cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine
mRNA
messenger, carries info from genes for production of polypeptides in cytoplasm
tRNA
transport, transports amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis
rRNA
ribosomal - proteins form ribosomes