Chapter 4-5 Quest

organic compounds contain

carbon

what is carbons atomic weight

12

what makes life possible on earth

carbon

what is a person made of

organic compounds

useful for a fast source of energy

carbs

involvement in the immune system

proteins

helpful for long term energy storage

lipids

make up cell membranes

lipids

important for insulation

lipids

contain long fatty acid chain

lipids

includes genetic material

nucleic acids

contain elements c,h,o and have a ring like structure

carbs

enzymes which can speed up reactions

proteins

mutation in dna would initially start with this

nucleic acids

large role in muscle development

proteins

monosaccharides

mono = one, sacchar = sweet, (simple sugars, such as glucose)

disaccharides

formed when two monosaccharides undergo dehydration reaction

polysaccharides

a long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds

lipids

diverse group of compounds and largely nonpolar and hydrophobic. provides insulation from the environment and animals

fatty acids

hydrocarbon chains connected by single bonds(saturated)

one or more double bonds (unsaturated)

each double may be a cis (same side of hydrocarbon) or trans (opposite sides)

phospholipids

major constituents of the plasma membrane. Has two fatty acids and a modified phosphate group attached to glycerol backbone.

Hydrophilic head, Hydrophilic tail

Steroids

fused ring structure. cholesterol = most common steroid

Amino acids

monomers that make up proteins. same fundamental structure. consists of central carbon atom bonded to amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, R group. multiple amino acids are joined by peptide bonds through dehydration synthesis

nucleic acids

most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. two main types: DNA, RNA.

Purines

two carbon nitrogen rings, adenine, thymine

Pyrimidines

single carbon-nitrogen rings. cytosine, thymine, uracil

DNA

carries genetic info and remains in the nucleus. Has a double helix. includes cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine

RNA

Involved in protein synthesis and leaves in nucleus. is single stranded. includes cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine

mRNA

messenger, carries info from genes for production of polypeptides in cytoplasm

tRNA

transport, transports amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis

rRNA

ribosomal - proteins form ribosomes