Diagnostics/ Lab Values to Know/ Definitions to know

prolonged QTc

<440 - 460 milliseconds

MCV (mean corpuscular volume) values and meanings (if patient is anemic)

o   MCV < 80 fL (microcytic): iron deficiency

o   MCV 80 – 100 fL (normocytic): acute blood loss, malignancy, CKD, bone marrow failure (aplastic anemia), hemolysis

o   MCV > 100 fL (macrocytic): vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

Diagnosis of COPD

FEV1/EVC < 0.70

Criteria for Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes (A1c, FPG, Random BG, OGTT 2-hr BG)

Diabetes: A1c >/= 6.5; FPG >/= 126; Random BG >/= 200;(in addition to classic symptoms of hyperglycemia) OGTT 2 hr BG >/= 200

Prediabetes: A1c 5.7-6.4; FPG 100-125; OGTT 140-199

Glycemic Targets for non-pregnant patients (A1c, pre-prandial, 2 hr PPG)

A1c < 7; preprandial 80-130; 2 hour PPG < 180

Glycemic Targets for Pregnant Patients

Preprandial < 95; 1 hr PPG < 140, 2 hr PPG < 120

Labs indicating inflammation

ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), CRP (C-reactive protein), RF (rheumatoid factor) and ANA (anti-nuclear antibody)

note: do not need to know full names - there for reference/ to help remember

Uric Acid Goals

UA goal of < 6 mg/dL

Febrile Neutropenia

Fever: ≥ 38.3; ANC < 500

COPD vs Asthma

if after SABA, improves by more 12% or more in FEV1 amount of air breathed out in 1 second) then asthma

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

proactive method used to reduce the frequency and consequences of errors

Root Case Analysis

Retrospective investigation of an event that has already occurred

Continuous Quality Improvement Examples

Lean, Six Sigma (uses DMAIC - define, measure, analyze, improve, control)

Type A vs Type B Adverse Drug Reaction

Type A: dose-dependent related to known pharmacologic properties

Type B: not dose-dependent, unrelated to pharmacologic action, can be influenced by patient specific factors; categorized into immediate and delayed. These can include: drug allergies, hypersensitive reactions, idiosyncratic reactions (eg hemolytic anemia in pts with G6PD deficienty)

Types of Drug Allergies (I- IV)

Type 1 reactions: Immediate; IgE mediated

Type 2 reactions: Delayed; usually 5-8 days after exposure

Type 3 Reaction: Delayed >/= 1 week after exposure

Type 4 Reaction: T-cell mediated, occurring 48 hours to weeks after exposure (eg SJS)