AP Gov Q3 exam

Keynesian economics

**recession**: increase spending, decrease taxes

**boom:** decrease spending, increase taxes

School Choice 

Parents have the option to enroll their child at a more successful school if their school is failing.

Vouchers are available from the government.

Federal Reserve

A board which controls the US monetary policy

Social Security

Program to pay retired people with employed taxes

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment and public accommodations.

14th Amendment

* Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States


* equal protection clause

Affirmative action

Hiring minority groups to diversify company

19th Amendment

Women’s right to vote

Title IX

No gender-based discrimination

Brown v Board

* Made segregation in public schools unconstitutional


* Overturned Plessy v Ferguson's "separate but equal" doctrine.

Civil Liberties

Guaranteed rights and freedoms to individuals by the Constitution (speech, religion, press)

Clear and Present Danger

* Established in Schenck v. United States
* Restricts free speech when it endangers national security or public safety

NYT v US

NYT printed confidential pentagon papers- gov used prior restraint, court ruled that gov act was unconstitutional 

Establishment Clause

Gov cannot establish a religion

Free exercise clause

Everyone has the right to exercise their religion freely

Selective incorporation

Process by which the Supreme Court has applied the Bill of Rights to the states through the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause

Gideon v Wainwright

Established right to an attorney for everyone facing criminal charges, regardless of ability to pay

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Prohibits racial discrimination in voting and mandates federal oversight of elections in areas with a history of voter suppression.

Roe v Wade

Legalized abortion. Women have right to choose abortion

4th Amendment

No unreasonable search or seizure

5th Amendment

* right to remain silent
* can’t testify against self
* right to jury
* no double jeopardy

6th Amendment

criminal rights:

* a speedy public trial
* impartial jury
* notice of accusation
* confrontation of witnesses
* right to a lawyer.

McDonald v Chicago

Ruled that handgun ban in Chicago was unconstitutional

habeas corpus

cant be held in prison w/o specific criminal charge

Tinker v Des Moines

symbolic speech (black armbands) is protected under 1st amendment

US. V Lopez

Ruled that the Gun-Free School Zones Act was unconstitutional

Wisconsin v Yoder

Amish students can be pulled out of school after 8th grade under first amendment free exercise clause

Engel v Vitale

no prayer in school

Mapp v Ohio

illegally obtained evidence may not be used in court under 4th amendment

Wall of separation

There cannot be one dominant religion that is practiced in public places by law (ex. schools)