TOPIK 1 한권이면 OK - Grammar

5.0(1)
studied byStudied by 2 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/31

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

This list of flashcards will be updated each time I go back to my textbook to learn some new grammar🤗 열심히 공부해라, 화이탕!!

Korean

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

32 Terms

1
New cards

V-고 있다

1- 저는 지금 밥을 먹 있읍니다.

2- 선생님은 하약색 옷을 입고 있어요. / 저는 택시를 타고 있어요.

1- It is used to describe an ongoing action at the moment.

2- When it is used with verbs such as ‘입다, 신다, 쓰다, 타다, 만나다’, it may indicate either an ongoing action at the moment or the current state after such an act ends, depending on each situation.

2
New cards

N에서

1- 저는 커피숍에서 커피를 마십니다.

2- 짐에서 학교까지 가깝습니다.

1- This indicates a place where a certain action is taken.

2- This indicates a place where a certain event starts.

3
New cards

-았/었-

어제 밤에 비빔밥을 먹습니다.

This indicates an event that occurred in the past.

4
New cards

V-(으)세요

의자에 앉으세요. / 여기에 앉지 마세요. / 안녕히 계세요.

This is used to command the listener softly. ‘-지 마세요’ is used to forbid some action. As for ‘계시다, 주무시다, 드시다’ should be used instead for courtesy.

5
New cards

V-(으)십시오

의자에 앉으십시오. / 담배를 피우지 마십시오.

This is used to make a formal commande to the listener. ‘-지 마십시오’ is used to forbid some action.

6
New cards

-겠-

1- 다음부터 학교에 일찍 오습니다.

2- 내일은 비가 오습니다. / 가: 어제 잠을 잘 못 잤어요.

나: 정말 피곤하어요.

1- This expresses the speaker’s strong will to do something in the future. In such cases, ‘나(저)and 우리’ should be used as the subject of the sentence.

2- This is used to guess something on the basis of what the speaker saw or heard.

7
New cards

A/V-아/어서

머리가 아파서 병원에 갑니다. / 오늘은 친구 생일이라서 생일파티를 합니다.

When ‘-아/어서’is used in the middle of the sentence, the content which precedes ‘-아/어서’ becomes the reason of the content which follows behind. When a noun comes in front of sentence, ‘N(의)라서’ is used instead.

8
New cards

A-(으)ㄴ

옷을 샀십니다. / 맛있 음식을 먹었어요.

This is used to modify the noun which follows in the form of ‘A-(으)ㄴ’. For ‘있다, 없다’, ‘다’ is eliminated and ‘는’ is added.

9
New cards

V-(으)ㅂ시다

오늘 시간 있으면 우리 같이 운동합시다.

This is used to make a suggestion to the listener in order to do a certain act together.

10
New cards

V-(으)ㄹ까요?

1- 가: 같이 식당에 갈까요?

나: 네ㅡ 좋아요. 같이 갑시다.

2- 창문을 듣을까요?

1- This is used to ask a question to the listener to do a certain act together.

2- This is used to ask the listener’s idea about the speaker’s question.

11
New cards

A/V-(으)니까

비가 오니까 우산을 가져가세요. / 내일은 주말이니까 같이 놀러 갑시다.

‘으니까’ is used in the middle of a sentence when the preceding content is the reason of the following content. When a single noun comes in front of it, ‘N(이)니까’ is used instead. This kind of sentence usually ends with either an imperative suffix such as ‘-(으)십시오’ or ‘-(으)세요’, or a soliciting suffix such as ‘-(으)ㅂ시다/, ‘-(으)ㄹ까요?’, etc.

12
New cards

보다

동생이 저보다 두 살 적습니다.

This expresses the reference of comparison.

13
New cards

A-게

머리를 짧 잘랐습니다.

This means ‘how’. This form is used when ‘A’ modifies the verb which follows.

14
New cards

-(으시)-

아버지께서 회사에 가니다.

This is an honorific form of postposition used for the subject of sentence.

15
New cards

A/V-네요

가: 여기가 제 방이에요.

나: 방이 넓내요.

This is used to express a feeling on something the speaker just realized.

16
New cards

V-(으)ㄹ게요

가 내일은 일찍 일어나서요.

나 네, 일찍 일어날게요. 잠깐 화장실 좀 다녀올게요.

This is used to make a promise to the listener in order to do a certain task, or to express the speaker’s will to the listener.

17
New cards

A-(으)ㄴ/(으)ㄹ 것 같다

V-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다

1. 지금 날씨가 좋은 것 같습니다. / 어제 비가 온 것 같습니다. / 저기가 화장실인 것 같습니다.

2. 그 옷은 별로 안 예쁜 것 같다. 내일은 학교에 봇 갈 것 같습니다.

1. This shows speculation. Used with an adjective: ‘A-(으)ㄴ 것 같다’ is used to describe the current situation; and ‘A-(으)ㄹ 것 같다’ is used to describe the future situation or to guess something vague. Used with a verb: ‘V-(으)ㄹ 것 같다’ is used to describe what happened in the past, ‘V-(으)는 것 같다’ is used to describe what happens now, ‘V-(으)ㄹ 것 같다’ is used to describe what will happen or to guess something vague. When it is used with a noun, ‘N인/일 것 같다‘ is used.

2. This is used to express the speaker’s idea softly.

18
New cards

A/V-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다

1. 가: 내일 오후에 만날 수 있어요?

나: 아니요. 오후에 약속이 있어서 만날 수 없어요.

2. 저는 컴퓨터를 배워서 잘할 수 있습니다.

1. This expresses that something is possible or not.

2. This expresses that the subject has the ability to do something or not.

19
New cards

A/V-(으)려면

명동에 가려면 지하철 4호선을 티야 합니다.

This is used to assume what the subject wants to do. It is followed by the condition to achieve that assumption.

20
New cards

N마다

1. 교실마다 에어컨이 있습니다.

2. 저는 주말마다 도서관에 갑니다.

1. This is used to express each of the preceding nouns.

2. This is used with a certain time noun to indicate that a certain event is repeated at that time.

21
New cards

A/V-아/어야 하다/되다

공부를 잘 하려면 열심히 공부해야 합니다.

This is used to describe a task that must be done.

22
New cards

A/V-(으)ㄹ지 모르겠다

이 돈으로 유학 생활을 할 수 있을지 모르겠습니다.

This is used to express doubt or concern about an inaccurate result.

23
New cards

N(이)나

1. 저는 아침에 밥이나 빵을 먹습니다.

2. 빵을 5개 먹었습니다.

1. This is used to choose one out of two.

2. This is used when the number or amount is more tran expected.

24
New cards

N에 대해 (대하여)

지금부터 자기 나라에 대해 이야기합시다.

This expresses that the preceding noun is the object of the following content. It can be replaced with ‘N에 관해(관하여)’.

25
New cards

A/V-기 때문에

퇴근 시간에는 길이 복잡하기 때문에 지하철을 탑니다. / 수업에 지각한 것은 어제 늦에 잤기 때문입니다.

This is used to express a reason or cause of a certain event. This cannot be used with an imperative form such as ‘-(으)세요, -(으)십시오’, or a soliciting form such as ‘-(으)ㅂ시다; -(으)ㄹ까요?’. When a noun comes in front of ‘-기 때문에‘, ‘N(으)기 때문에’ can also be used. At the end of a sentence, it can be modified into ‘A/V-기 때문이다’.

26
New cards

A/V-지요?

가: 오늘 날씨가 춥지요? (춥죠)

나: 네, 정말 추워요.

가: 한국 사람이지요? (사람이죠)

나:네, 한국 사람입니다.

This is used to check or ask for agreement on a certain fact which the speaker assumes that the listener knows. When a noun comes in front of ‘-지요?’, ‘N(이)지요?’ can be used. ‘-지요?’ can be shorten into ‘-죠’.

27
New cards

V-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다

저는 운전할 줄 압니다.

저는 김치를 담글 줄 모릅니다.

This expresses that the speaker knows or doesn’t know how to do something.

28
New cards

V-(으)ㄴ 지

한국에 온 지 1년이 지났습니다 (되었습니다).

This shows how long time has passed after a certain task is done. It usually takes the form of ‘-(으)ㄴ 지+(length of time)이/가+지났다/되었다‘.

29
New cards

A-군요

V-는군요

여자 친구가 정말 예쁘군요.

매운 읍식을 아주 잘 먹는군요.

남자 친구가 한국 사람이군요.

This is used to exclaim a certain fact that the speaker discovered just before. When a noun comes ahead of ‘-군요‘, ‘N(이)군요’ can be used.

30
New cards

A-아/어하다

나는 민수를 좋아합니다.

민수 씨가 너무 피곤해합니다.

Coming with adjectives which describes emotion or feeling such as ‘좋다’, ’싫다’, ’믿다’, ’예쁘다’, ’귀엽다’, ’두렵다’, ’무섭다’, ’어렵다’, ’행복하다’, ’피곤하다’, etc. This is used as. adverb which describes another person’s emotions or feelings.

31
New cards

V-기가 쉽다/어렵다/힘들다

이 음식은 매워서 먹기가/먹기 힘듭니다.

This is used to determine something. It is usually used with ‘쉽다’, ‘어렵다’, ‘힘들다’. ‘가’ can be omitted from ‘-기가‘.

32
New cards

V-기 워해서

저는 건강을 지키기 위해서/위해 매일 2시간씩 운동을 합니다.

This expresses the purpose of a certain behavior. ‘-기 워해서‘ can also be replaced by ‘-기 워해‘ or ‘-기 워하여‘ after eliminating ‘서’. When it is used with a noun, ‘N을/를 워해서‘ can be used.