Psychodynamic and Humanistic/Social Cogntive and Trait Theories + [personality disorders] (Unit 4)

Psychodynamic

Focuses on unconscious processes shaping personality.

Ego defense mechanisms

Strategies to protect self from anxiety.

Denial

Refusal to accept reality or facts.

Displacement

Redirecting emotions to a safer target.

Projection

Attributing personal feelings to others.

Rationalization

Justifying behaviors with logical reasons.

Reaction formation

Expressing opposite emotions to true feelings.

Regression

Reverting to earlier developmental behaviors.

Sublimation

Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable actions.

Projective tests

Assessing personality through ambiguous stimuli.

Humanistic

Emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.

Unconditional regard

Accepting a person without conditions or judgments.

self-actualization

Drive to realize one's full potential.

Social Cognitive

Personality shaped by interaction of behavior, environment, cognition.

Reciprocal determinism

Behavior influenced by personal and environmental factors.

DSM

Standard classification of mental disorders.

ICD

Global standard for health conditions classification.

Personality disorders

Enduring patterns of behavior deviating from norms.

Cluster A

Characterized by odd or eccentric behavior.

Paranoid

Distrust and suspicion of others.

Schizoid

Detachment from social relationships.

Schizotypal

Social deficits and cognitive distortions.

Cluster B

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior patterns.

Antisocial

Disregard for others' rights and feelings.

Histrionic

Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking.

Narcissistic

Grandiosity and need for admiration.

Borderline

Instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions.

Cluster C

Anxious and fearful behavior patterns.

Avoidant

Social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy.

Dependent

Excessive need for support and care.

OCPD

Preoccupation with orderliness and perfectionism.

Longitudinal

Study design observing subjects over time.

Trait theories

Focus on identifying and measuring individual traits.

Factor analysis

Statistical method to identify underlying relationships.

Big Five theory

Personality model based on five core traits.

Agreeableness

Tendency to be compassionate and cooperative.

openness

Willingness to try new things and ideas.

Extraversion

Energy derived from social interactions.

Conscientiousness

Degree of organization and dependability.

Neuroticism

How one reacts to negative emotions