Bio 113 Animal Reproduction & Embryology
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32 Terms
gonads
organs that produce gametes
testes
male gonads produce sperm in semineferous tubules
epididymis
coiled duct where sperm passes into from semineferous tubules
takes about 3 weeks
vas deferens
muscular duct where sperm is passed through
extends around & behind urinary bladder where it joins seminal vesicle, making ejaculatory duct
ovaries
pair that flanks uterus & held by ligaments
oviduct
fallopian tube
extends uterus towards opening at each ovary
uterus
womb
thick/muscular organ
endometrium
inner lining of uterus supplied with blood vessels
cervix
neck of uterus
opens into vagina
equal cytokinesis
process where a parent cell divides its cytoplasm & organelles into 2 roughly equal daughter cells
unequal cytokinesis
1 daughter cell receives a disproportionately larger amount of cellular contents
usually seen in human oogenesis
deuterosomes
embryos that make the anus first
in humans
stages of development
fertilization
cleavage
gastrulation
organogenesis
fertilization
union of sperm & egg
cortical reaction
preventing polyspermy (fertilized by only 1 sperm)
cleavage
series of rapid cell divisions during early development
make blastulas
blastulas
hollow ball of cells
blastoceal
primitive body cavity in blastullas
gastrulation
reorganization & cell migration to form germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)
organogenesis
formation of organs
neurulation
making of nervous system
metamorphosis
some insects
process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form in 2 or more distinct stages
ectoderm
becomes spiny skin/nervous tissue
mesoderm
becomes connective/muscle tissue
endoderm
becomes digestive system
yolk
store nutrients that are concentrated in 1 pole
prostate gland
accessory gland of testes
nourishes sperm
primitive streak
structural feature where gastrulation begins
prostaglandin
lipids that act as local hormone that functions in dealing with injury & illness
animal pole
contains embryo developing cells
vegetal pole
region that contains nutrients & yolk
cortical reaction
happens during fertilization and prevents polyspermy
blastopore
future anus
opening of the central cavity of an embryo
Note 
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