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Wind Tower
Architectural feature used in hot climates to naturally cool buildings by ventilating warm air.
Qanat
Underground aqueduct system used for irrigation and water management in arid regions.
Islamic Golden Age
Period marked by advancements in science, technology, and culture in the Islamic world, particularly from the 8th to the 14th centuries.
Patronage
Support provided by the wealthy or influential to artists, scholars, or projects, often sustaining scientific and artistic endeavors.
Aniconism
A belief or practice in Islamic tradition that prohibits the creation of images of sentient beings, leading to the use of geometric and floral designs in art.
Minaret
A tall tower associated with a mosque, from which the call to prayer is announced.
Almagest
A mathematical and astronomical treatise by Ptolemy, translated into Arabic during the Translation Movement.
Tūsī Couple
A geometrical model introduced by Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī to explain planetary motion without the equant.
House of Wisdom
A major intellectual center during the Islamic Golden Age in Baghdad, known for the translation of texts and scientific research.
Irrigation System
Technological advancements made for water management, including qanats, canals, and dams, crucial for agriculture in hot, dry areas.
Geluger
A type of geometric pattern often used in Islamic art, characterized by repetitive designs and motifs.
Astronomical Observation
The practice of observing celestial events or bodies to gather data and enhance understanding of the universe.
Galileo
An Italian astronomer and physicist known for his contributions to modern science and the scientific method, active in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Surveying
The practice of determining the position of points and the distances and angles between them, essential for engineering and construction.
Observatory
A facility for observing celestial events, often equipped with telescopes and other astronomical instruments.
Emperor Julian
Roman emperor known for his support of traditional Roman religious practices and opposition to Christianity.
Silk Road
A network of trade routes that connected the East and West, facilitating cultural, commercial, and technological exchange.
Scientific Revolution
A period of time from the late Renaissance to the 18th century characterized by major advances in scientific thought and practices.
Causality
The principle that everything has a cause; a fundamental concept in philosophy and science.
Hospital
An institution for the treatment of the sick or injured, which developed significantly in the Islamic world during the Middle Ages.
Trombe Wall
A passive solar building design that uses a thermal mass wall to collect, store, and distribute solar energy.
Geometric Motif
A repeated geometric pattern used in Islamic art to create aesthetic designs without depicting living beings.
Scientific Inquiry
A systematic approach to exploring and understanding the natural world, often through observation, experimentation, and analysis.
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