Functional Groups (Biology)

Hydroxyl Definition

A group containing an oxygen atom connected by a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom: -OH

Carbonyl Definition

A group containing a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O

Carboxyl Definition

A group containing a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydroxyl group: -C(=O)OH or -COOH

Amino Definition

A group containing a nitrogen atom single bonded to a hydrogen atom and single bonded to another hydrogen atom: -N(-H)H or -NH2

Phosphate Definition

A group containing an oxygen atom single bonded to a phosphorous atom which is double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to two other oxygen atoms: PO4

Methyl Definition

A group containing a carbon atom single bonded to three separate hydrogen atoms: CH3

Hydroxyl Properties

Polar, hydrophilic

Carbonyl Properties

Polar, hydrophilic

Carboxyl Properties

Acidic, polar, hydrophilic

Amino Properties

Basic, polar, hydrophilic

Phosphate Properties

Acidic, polar, hydrophilic

Methyl Properties

Nonpolar, hydrophilic

What function group is in the first box?

Hydroxyl

What functional group is in the second box?

Methyl

What functional group is in the third box?

Carbonyl

What functional group is in the fourth box?

Carboxyl

What functional group is in the fifth box?

Amino

What functional group is in the sixth box?

Phosphate