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104 Terms
1
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what was the name of the truce reached between Stephen and David of Scotland in 1135?
Durham
2
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who managed to force the Scots to submit to a longer-term truce in 1139
Thurstan of York
3
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whose family turned against Stephen in 1139?
Roger of Salisbury
4
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who rose up against Stephen in the north?
Ranulf of Chester
5
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where was Stephen decisively defeated and captured in January 1141?
Lincoln
6
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where did Matilda importantly fail to capture?
London
7
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when was the peak of the Anarchy?
1142-1148
8
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the loss of which territory meant Stephen could not gather enough support to strike a decisive blow against Matilda?
Normandy
9
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who died during Henry of Anjou’s decisive visit to and campaign in England in 1153?
Eustace of Blois
10
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what was the name of the decisive treaty struck between Henry of Anjou and Stephen in 1153?
Treaty of Wallingford
11
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from what lineage did Stephen’s wife, Matilda, come from?
Anglo-Saxon
12
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who did NOT support Stephen’s claim to the throne?
Geoffrey of Anjou
13
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which city’s support was particularly important to Stephen?
London
14
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what was Stephen’s relationship to William I?
grandson
15
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when has Stephen received the majority of his lands via patronage from Henry I?
1106
16
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what was the name of Stephen’s territory in Normandy?
Mortain
17
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which two lordships was Stephen granted in England?
Lancaster and Eye
18
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when had Stephen married his wife Matilda, niece of the late English queen?
1125
19
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who gave up their claim to the throne quickly after realising they did not have the church’s support?
Robert of Gloucester
20
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where was an embassy sent to obtain ecclesiastical support for Stephen?
Rome
21
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where were Stephen’s unpopular mercenaries from?
Flanders
22
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who did Stephen leave in Normandy to look after his affairs?
Robert of Gloucester
23
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who became increasingly influential after Robert of Gloucester began to support Matilda?
Waleran of Meulan
24
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poor treatment of who led to Stephen losing the support of the church?
Roger of Salisbury
25
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when did Stephen attempt to arrange a marriage between Eustace and Louis VI’s daughter?
1139
26
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in January 1136, who led the Welsh uprising against Stephen?
Lord of Brycheoning
27
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what was the name of the deeply unpopular mercenary captain?
William of Ypres
28
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the execution of which garrison in 1138 earned Stephen a brutal reputation?
Shrewsbury
29
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whose gains did Stephen completely undo in Northern England and Scotland?
William Rufus II
30
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where was the core of Angevin rebellion centred on in England?
Herefordshire
31
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what fraction of England was controlled by Ranulf of Chester?
1/3
32
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where did Stephen miss an opportunity to take care of Empress Matilda decisively?
Arundel
33
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where did queen Matilda defeat empress Matilda, forcing her to flee?
Winchester
34
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which vital earldom did Stephen lose control of after Waleran Beaumont left to go on the Second Crusade?
Worcestershire
35
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roughly how many new earldoms did Stephen create?
12
36
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loss of control of the mines and mints in what area led to a rival coinage being created by David of Scotland?
Cumbria
37
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which castle did Stephen have to relinquish for William Martel’s ransom in 1143?
Sherborne
38
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when did Robert of Gloucester die, forcing empress Matilda to return to Normandy?
1147
39
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which territory did Eustace receive when he came of age?
Boulogne
40
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who provided the strongest obstacle to Stephen’s efforts to have Eustace crowned before Stephen’s death?
the church
41
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what was the name of the pope who refused to give assent to Stephen’s proposals?
Eugenius III
42
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what was the name of the type of succession that Stephen tried to organise?
anticipatory
43
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where did Eustace come within 20 miles of capturing in 1151?
Rouen
44
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which territory did Henry acquire a claim to in 1152?
Aquitaine
45
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who died in 1153, ending Stephen’s hopes to control the succession?
Eustace
46
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where did the final military campaign between Henry and Stephen take place?
Wallingford
47
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what was the name of the agreement signed between Stephen and Henry, securing a peaceful succession for Henry to the throne?
Treaty of Winchester
48
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which garrison did Stephen negotiate a surrender with?
Oxford
49
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who else had found great success negotiating with garrisons to persuade them to surrender?
Henry I
50
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on which front was Stephen not fighting primarily?
Brittany
51
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what relationships did Stephen’s military strategy rely on?
English barons
52
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where did Stephen not retake a castle following 1141?
Durham
53
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how much did the siege of Exeter in 1136 cost?
ÂŁ10,000
54
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what fraction of Stephen’s annual income was the cost of the 1136 siege of Exeter?
1/3
55
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when did Stephen’s financial hardship peak?
1140
56
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when did Stephen’s policy of earldom creation begin?
1138
57
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how many earldoms did Stephen create between 1138 and 1140?
12
58
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which baron wasn’t a provincial governor?
Robert of Gloucester
59
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which family represented Stephen’s interests most strongly in Normandy?
Meulan
60
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which family held the most power and influence within England?
Beaumont
61
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compared to the 1500 charters issued during Henry I’s reign, how many did Stephen issue in half the time?
730
62
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what percentage of issued charters came from Stephen’s inner zone?
74%
63
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aside from London, where else did Stephen maintain control of minting new coinage?
Colchester
64
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when did justices Richard de Lucy and William Martel begin to run Stephen’s inner zone?
1150
65
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from which archdiocese did Stephen receive the revenue from in 1148?
York
66
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approximately how many magnates were there during Stephen’s reign?
50
67
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out of the magnates, how many did not recognise Stephen as king in 1135?
1
68
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what was the name of the magnate who refused to recognise Stephen?
Baldwin de Redvers
69
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when did Stephen lose the support of most magnates?
1141
70
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who did Stephen arrest in 1143?
Geoffrey de Mandeville
71
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when did Stephen arrest Ranulf of Chester?
1146
72
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who were Stephen’s closest political allies after 1141?
the lesser nobility
73
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which baronial agreement sought to limit violence and disruption? (and when?)
Chester-Leicester agreement (1150)
74
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where did the magnates demonstrate most clearly that they valued peace and stability?
Battle of Wallingford
75
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who convinced the Archbishop of Canterbury to consecrate Stephen?
Henry of Winchester
76
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when did Stephen make many promises to the English church?
1136
77
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by the end of Henry I’s reign, what fraction of bishops were royal clerks?
1/2
78
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during Stephen’s reign, how many bishops had been royal clerks?
1/19
79
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who was the papal legate who presided over the 1138 council of Westminster?
Alberic of Ostia
80
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how many bishops attended the second Lateran council?
5
81
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who did Stephen eventually manage to appoint to the archdiocese of York?
William FitzHerbert
82
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who did Pope Eugenius replace William FitzHerbert with for a short period?
Henry Murdac
83
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what was the name of Stephen’s first candidate for the diocese of Durham?
William Cumin
84
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who was the Archbishop of Canterbury who refused to consecrate Eustace as Stephen’s legitimate successor?
Theobald
85
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which religious document clarified and unified canon law during the 12th century?
Gratian’s Decretals
86
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when did Gratian’s Decretals begin to circulate in England?
1150
87
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what percentage of religious houses suffered losses during Stephen’s reign?
10%
88
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what word was shared in the name of both movements designed to reduce lay violence?
god
89
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which monastic movement expanded significantly in the north of England?
Cistercians
90
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compared to the 51 royal mints under Henry I, how many were left by the end of Stephen’s reign?
24
91
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which pair of bishops secured and helped to uphold the peace agreement between the earls of Chester and Leicester?
Lincoln and Coventry
92
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how many conventions (peace agreements) were secured by bishops during Stephen’s reign?
20
93
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out of 34 appointments to bishoprics during Stephen’s reign, how many were monks?
12
94
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14 of the 34 appointments to bishoprics were freely elected; how many did Theobald help secure from 1143-1154?
6
95
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how many royal writs did Stephen witness during his 22 years as a baron?
14
96
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what was the name of Roger of Salisbury’s illegitimate son who became chancellor at the start of Stephen’s reign?
Roger the Pauper
97
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who became the royal treasurer?
Athelelm
98
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who succeeded Roger the Pauper as chancellor?
Phillip de Harcourt
99
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who was the final chancellor in Stephen’s reign?
Robert de Grant
100
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what percentage of the royal household, chancery and treasury left after Roger of Salisbury’s fall?
1/2
Note 
Flashcards (38)