19th and 20th Century Art History - Identify the Art Movement Foreign Language

French Revolution - Population growth, failed crops, industrialization = deprivation and hardship (rural & urban)

Austria, Germany, Italy = social awareness, democracy, freedom | Socialism ideology

Ordinary people & events in a naturalistic; photographic style

(1830-1872) | 19th Century

Realism

Rejected by the Salon : difficulty to "read" because of rough & broken color brushwork

Middle-class vision of happiness | Within their vision: streets and open air = immediate impression (on the spot)

High-toned palette of clear, soft, bright colors, natural light

(1860-1895) | 19th Century

Impressionism

Impressionist artists sought to move away from and beyond it since it created self-imposed limitations

Optics = color harmonies = rational, scientific

Technique grounded in science and study of optics | Pointillism or Divisionism - greater vibrancy, vividness and intensity

(1886-1906) | 19th Century

Neo-Impressionism

Move away from the naturalism and explore new artistic territory to express ideas and emotions

Thickly applied paint (impasto), expressive brushstrokes | Conceptual over perceptual, Geometric, definitive

Ideal/romantic over the real

(1872-1914) | 19th Century

Post Impressionism

Reaction against technological change in France.

An artistic approach, descendant of Romanticism. Abstraction of the synthesis of nature (subject) & artist’s experiences (idea)

Expression of an idea, simplified forms, bright colors, visionary, abstract.

(1884-1903) | 19th Century

Symbolism

European imperial control.

Young avant-garde artists explored tribal art, other cultures untouched by Western. | A trend rather than a distinct art movement (Art of children or untrained artists)

Uncomplicated: simple shapes & outlines, symbolic, bold patterns.

(1891-1938) | 19th Century

Primitivism - aka Naïve art

1st international decorative style/movement.

Luxurious and expensive style, Avoid symbolic or expressive content | Influenced by ukiyo-e, floral patterns of Arts & Crafts in Britain, stylizations of Gauguin, Van Gogh, Munch

every aspect coordinated = painting, architecture, graphic art and design (posters)

(1890-1914) | 19th Century

Art Nouveau

Earliest and briefest European(France) avant-garde movement in the 20th century

Bold distinctive brushwork, lack of nuance and strident, non-naturalistic use of color, Color imaginatively | Subject matter: portraiture, still life, and landscape

Extended the boundaries of representation

(1900-1910) | 20th Century

Fauvism

Question function/purpose of art

Bold, non-naturalistic color, bright palette, Emotion and spirituality of the artist. | Intense, direct and personal expression of inner meaning

Representational art - heighten emotional response of the viewer

(1905-1920) |20th Century

German Expressionism

Influenced every 20th Century Art

Broke down structure | geometry to the foreground, collage flat planes | Does not a copy nature, a parallel to it

Influenced by non-Western cultures

(1906-1917) | 20th Century

Cubism

Italian avant-garde | WWI = industrializationDiagonal forced lines - shift time and space, brighter and more vibrant colors, illusion of speed, staggered repetitionReject tradition - glorify technology and its implications of society | Love of speed, mechanization, fast-paced contemporary life

(1909-1934) | 20th CenturyFuturism

Art for art's sakeCreative dynamism: non-objective, abstract: fundamental geometric forms | Abstraction to an ultimate geometric simplification

(1913-1920's) 20th Century Suprematism - Russian Avante-Garde

new social role in communist society = theoretical + scientific approachmodern technology + engineering to art)Emphasis on various everyday materials | photomontage, photography

(1915-1930's) |20th CenturyConstructivism - Russian Avante-Garde

“The Style”Abstraction through essential form/color (primary colors, black, white) horizontal/vertical oppositions, straight lines and rectangular planesExpress a new utopian deal of spiritual harmony & order

(1917-1932) | 20th CenturyDe Stijl

Originated in Zurich and NYBelittled painterly aesthetics, expressiveness, purity in traditional art. Used art for political propaganda \ Assemblage, collage, photomontage and readymadeAnti-art stance. =Never follow any known rules. Questioned the purpose and cultural value of art

(1914-1924) | 20th CenturyDada

Paris, early 1920’s = Most significant artistic influence of the centuryBelieved purpose of creativity = unlock the unconscious mindLittle premeditated thought as possible; Recounted dreams & analyzed them

(1924-1945) | 20th CenturySurrealism

NY | American artists, differing in style, sought to achieve an emotional or expressive effectOpposed: Realism, Precisionism, RegionalismNew generation aiming for international recognition and developing more abstract pictorial language inspired by surrealism

(1946-1967) | 20th CenturyAbstract Expressionism

separate but parallel developments challenge Abstract Expressionists Contemporary US mass culture, from advertising and packagingto popular music, magazines and comics | “buy, buy, buy” lifestyleBreaks down distinction between elite and mass culture and the traditional 'good taste'

(1956-1967) | 20th CenturyPop Art - Post Modernism

Artists = “director” | Coined in 1965 - reflects minimal manual effort | extreme visual reductionPreferred materials and methods of mass production | Commissioned factory workmen to produce Pushing modernism’s logic to its limits

(1963-1977) | 20th CenturyMinimalism - Post Modernism