(4) RHIST - PHILIPPINES DURING SPANISH COLONIZATION

True

Spanish colonization brought sweeping political, social, religious, and educational changes, leaving lasting imprints on Filipino identity and culture.

Colonialism (Merriam-Webster)

Control by one power over a dependent area or people

True

Colonial powers justified their conquests by claiming they had a legal and religious obligation to control the land and culture of Indigenous peoples.

False, Conquering nation states saw themselves as civilizing “BARBARIC” or “SAVAGE” countries.

Conquering nation states saw themselves as civilizing “good” or “welcoming” countries.

True

They argued they were acting in the best interests of those they exploited.

False, In the 15th century, spices such as cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, and especially black pepper, held IMMENSE economic value, effectively serving as the "epicenter of the world economy".

In the 15th century, spices such as cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, and especially black pepper, held no economic value, effectively serving as the "epicenter of the world economy".

True

The early 16th century was characterized by an intense period of European expansion mainly between Portugal and Spain often termed the Age of Discovery, was propelled by a complex interplay of economic ambition, political rivalry, and religious zeal.

False, This pivotal agreement between Spain (Castile and Aragon) and PORTUGAL established a new demarcation line, running from pole to pole, 370 leagues to the west of the Cape Verde islands.

This pivotal agreement between Spain (Castile and Aragon) and Philippines established a new demarcation line, running from pole to pole, 370 leagues to the west of the Cape Verde islands.

True

Spain was granted rights to claim lands to the west of this line, and Portugal to the east, ostensibly to avoid conflicts over newly discovered territories.

ARMADA DE MOLUCCA

ARMADA DE MOLUCCA

Spice Islands

Ferdinand Magellan who served for 8 years in several colonizing activities, presented his proposals for a westward voyage to this island

True

King Manuel I of Portugal rejected it several times which resulted in Magellan renouncing his Portuguese nationality in 1517 and relocated to Seville, Spain. Armada de Molucca

True

Magellan presented his ambitious project to the young King Charles I of Spain (18 y/o). He reportedly claimed that the Moluccas might fall within Spain's sphere if the world was truly spherical.

ARMADA DE MOLUCCA

Expedition was largely funded by the Spanish Crown, though King Charles I, deeply in debt, and arrived in the Philippines in 1521.

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

Started his expedition to the Philippines on November 1, 1542 and arrived in Tandaya (Leyte), Mindanao on February 2, 1543.

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

It was he who bestowed upon these islands the name "Felipinas" in honor of the Crown-prince, Don Felipe of Spain, who later became King Felipe II.

FELIPINAS

The name was meant for Leyte then later was extended to the entire archipelago as Las Islas Filipinas

MIGUEL LÓPEZ DE LEGAZPI

In 1564, King Philip II of Spain commissioned Legazpi to lead an expedition to the East Indies, a region rumored to hold vast riches in spices and trade opportunities.

MIGUEL LÓPEZ DE LEGAZPI

On February 13, 1565, he landed in Samar and adopted a strategy of diplomacy over brute force, a choice that set him apart as a conqueror.

MIGUEL LÓPEZ DE LEGAZPI

On April 27, 1565, he established the first Spanish settlement in Cebu, naming it Villa Santísimo Nombre de Jesús (Town of the Most Holy Name of Jesus). This foothold, though modest, was a stepping stone to greater control.

MIGUEL LÓPEZ DE LEGAZPI

In 1570, he defeated Rajah Sulayman and Rajah Matanda and took control of Manila.

MIGUEL LÓPEZ DE LEGAZPI

He was the first Governor-General of the Philippines by royal decree, he governed from Manila, organizing the colony's administration & fostering trade links with Mexico via Manila Galleon trade, which began in 1565.

MIGUEL LÓPEZ DE LEGAZPI

On August 20, 1572 at the age of 70, he died due to heart failure and was buried in the San Agustín Church in Intramuros, where his tomb remains a historical landmark.

PHILIPPINE SOCIETY

Felt the impact of the developing economy. As a result, social relations underwent redefinitions and changing dynamics brought about a renegotiation of social stratification with the growing relevance of the mestizo population.

False, as the Spaniards lost economic power, they asserted dominance by virtue of their RACE that brought complications with the rising principalia and mestizo populations where the elites of the said population demanded social recognition that the pure-blooded Spaniards had consistently denied to them.

As the Spaniards lost economic power, they asserted dominance by virtue of their economy that brought complications with the rising principalia and mestizo populations where the elites of the said population demanded social recognition that the pure-blooded Spaniards had consistently denied to them.