Advanced Bio DNA Test

Transcription

DNA to RNA

Coding Side

5’ to 3’ end, base sequence identical to the base sequence of the RNA transcript produced

Noncoding Side

3’ to 5’ end, where the RNA connects to open bases

Terminator

Marks the end of a gene, unzipping stops

Exon

Coding sections of an RNA transcript, splice together

Intron

DNA that do not code for proteins

Promotor

DNA unzipping starts here

RNA Polymerase

Copies a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence, free RNA nucleotides connect to open bases

Replication

Producing two identical copies of DNA

Leading Strand

3’ to 5’ end, DNA added continuously

Lagging Strand

5’ to 3’ end, DNA added in short fragments

DNA Polymerase

Controls connecting of nucleotides, proofreads the DNA

Primer

Short segment of RNA, starts the process

Okazaki Fragment

Short sections of DNA formed on the lagging strand between primers

Translation

RNA to Amino Acids

Ribosome

Links amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of mRNA to form polypeptide chains

mRNA

Contains the code, takes code from nucleus to ribosome

tRNA

Carries amino acids

rRNA

Makes up a ribosome

Codon

Sequence of 3 nucleotides which form a unit of genetic code

Anticodon

3 nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a tRNA molecule, corresponds to a codon in mRNA

Start Codon

First codon of mRNA translated by a ribosome

Stop Codon

Sequence of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that signals a halt to protein synthesis

Peptide Bond

Between the amino acids on a protein chain