HEalth Quiz

Function of the bones

Support the body, Protect soft organs, Allow movement due to attached skeletal muscles, stores minerals and fats, blood cells formation (hematopoiesis)

Parts of the skeletal system

Bones (skeleton), joints, cartilages, ligaments

Subdivisinos of the skeleton

axial, appendicular

How does the skeleton protect soft organs

Skull and vertebrae protects brain and spinal cord, rib cage protects thoracic cavity organs

What minerals and fats does skeletal system store

Calcium and phosphorus, fat in the internal marrow cavity

how many bones does the adult skeleton have

206

Two basic types of bone tissue

Spongy and compact bone

SPongy bone

Small needle like pieces of bone, many open spaces

Compact bone

Homogenous

Bones are classified as

Long, short, flat, irregular

Long bones

longer more than wide, shaft with heads at both ends, mostly compact bone, all bones of the limbs

Short bones

Cube shaped, spongy bone, bones of the writst and ankle,

Sesamoid bones

short bones which form within tendons (patella/kneecap)

Example of short bones

Carpals, Tarsals

Example of long bones

Femur, humerus

Flat bones

Thin, flattened usually curved, two thin layers of compact surround a layer of spongy

example of flat bones

skull, ribs, sternum

Irregular Bones

Irregular shape

Examples of irregular Bones

Vertebrae, hip bones

Diaphysis

long bone, shaft, composed of compact bone

Ephysis

Long bone, end of bone, composed of mostly spongy bone

Periosteum

Long bone, Outside covering of the diaphysis, fibrous connective tissue membrane,

Perforating (sharpeys) fibers

secure periosteum to underlying bone, long bone

Arteries

Long bone, supply bone cells with nutrients

Articular cartilage

long bone, covers the external surface of epiphysis, made of hyaline cartilage, decreases friction at joint surfaces

Epiphyseal Plate

Flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young, growing bone, long bone

Epiphyseal Line

Remnant of plate, seen in adult bones, long bone