Richard II and Henry IV/Bolingbroke

at what age did Richard II be crowned king?

- 10 years old

When did the peasants revolt take place?

* 1381 in England

why did the peasants revolt in the first place?

- poll tax- when everyone( including the rich) paid the same amount of taxes
- they saw this as very unfair

how old was Richard during the peasants revolt?

- 14 years old

how did Richard get rid of the peasants ?

* he granted them charters of freedom and pardon for their revolt

after his promise at the peasants revolt, what did Richard do two weeks later?

- he executed the main leaders of the revolt

instead of blaming the king of his mistakes, who did people mainly blame and why?

* people accused his evil councillors
* if any one went against the king , they could be tried for treason

what was the name of Richard II cousin?

- Henry Bolingbroke

what was the name of Richard II's wife?

- Anne of bohemia

what were the names of Richards best friends?

- micheal de la pole
- robert de vere

due to spending so much time in france Richard was known as?

- Richard of Bordeaux

did Richard lead any military expeditions and could you name any?

- he led expeditions which failed most of the time
- he led forces to scotland but didn't go beyond edingburugh

what was the wonderful parliament?

* parliament of 1386 when the king's authority was challenged by demands that he should remove Micheal de la pole as chancellor
* privy and great seal was removed from the king

what was the lords appellant?

- five nobles who led accusations of treason against a number of the kings favourites in 1386

what happened in the eltham meeting?

- noblemen warned richard that they would dissolve parliament
- richard threatened to work with the french
- then parliament stated that rich would recieve the same fate as his great grandfather ( had a hot pole shoved up his anus)

What was the 'Merciless Parliament' of 1388?

Richards favourites were put on trial for treason

who were apart of the lords appellant?

1. thomas of woodstock
2. earl of arundel
3. earl of warrick
4. henry bolingbroke
5. thomas mowbray

What is patronage?

rewards, usually financial (e.g land) that the king gives out to his nobility, especially those in his favour

What is primogeniture?

med evil concept of seniority by birth; state of being the first-born child; right of the eldest child (to inherit the entire property of one or both parents) began to dissipate in the 1800's

who was edmund mortimer?

- a rival claimant to the throne, he was the eldest of sn roger mortimer, a descendent of edward III's second son
- however in 1399 he was eight years old

Who was Owain Glyndwr?

- leader of welsh rebellion against Henry IV in september 1400

who is Sir Henry Percy / Hotspur?

- the son of the earl of northumberland, had fought for Henry IV against the Scots
- they later rebelled against Henry IV

in 1396, who did Richard II marry?

- 7 year old princess isabella of France

why was Richard being married to a french girl a problem for his appearance as king?

- England and France were enemies
- being married to a member of the french family made him look like a traitor and not pro English

which french duke supported Henry Bolingbroke?

* duke of orleans

what is the name of the place where Henry Bolingbroke 'negotiated' with Richard?

- flint

what was the last straw, that led to Henry usurping Richard?

- Richard disinherited Henry from everything he had.
- he was supposed to be the duke of Lancaster after his father John of Gaunt however Richard took that away

What did Henry tell the English people that happened to Richard II?

- That Richard voluntarily resigned , admitting that he was not a reasonable king also that his cousin should take the throne

how did Richard II die?

* Probably of starvation at Pentefract Castle


* however people were told that he committed suicide by refusing all food and drink

what was some of the reasons why Richard was seen as a bad king from the government?

1. unnecessary taxes that were for Richards own personal gain
2. Richards treatment of the lords appellant
3. failure to pay back loans
4. using false accusations of treason as a method of raising money
5. ignoring the advice of the council

what happened during the epiphany uprising?

- die hard Ricardians wanted to kill Henry IV and his sons
- Henry IV managed to get away
- the rebels ended up being punished

how was owain glyndwr a threat to Henry IV?

- he declared himself the Prince of Wales
- he wanted to obliterate the english language in Wales
- he kidnapped the uncle of Edmund Mortimer

how did the welsh have an advantage in battles against the English?

- they carried out guillrella attacks

what happened at the Hotspur rebellion?

- occurred in shrewsbury 1403
- owain glydwr was supposed to meet them but bailed
- hotspur was killed and his body was displayed to show that he was dead

what was the name of the place that King Edward III fought for custody over and what war did it lead to ?

- Aquitaine
- Hundred years war

The king of France Aquitaine to his heir, what did this cause in the english channels?

* piracy in the English channels between the English and the French

What is the Hanseatic League?

* a group of Northern German cities and towns that worked together to promote and protect trade in the sea

What did the Hanseatic League do to England when they found out about the piracy in the English channel?

- they banned other countries from trading with England

what was the relationship between the King of Scotland Robert III, and Henry IV?

- Robert did not like Henry as he was a usurper and made a number or raids on England

when Henry went to invade Scotland with 15,000 and won , why did he refuse to continue to fight and returned back to England?

- he didn't want to be away from the throne for too long
- owain glyndwr threat in wales

how did Henry IV have an alliance with the holy roman empire?

- in 1402 , his daughter Blanche married the son of the king of romans , rupert

how did Henry IV have an alliance with norway , denmark and sweden?

- in 1406, his daughter phillipa married the king of norway, denmark and sweden
- this gave him support in his relationships with the hanseatic league

how did Henry IV have an alliance with Brittany?

- in 1402, he married joan of brittany
- this had influenced the French and strengthened Henry's hand

What was the Order of the Garter?

- A significant honour reserved for the King's closest servants.
- 37 of Henry's closest followers received this during his reign for good service to the King

who founded the Order of the Garter?

- King Edward III in 1348

what two groups did The Lords consist of ?

* lay noblemen with a hereditary right to a seat parliament because of their landholdings and family background
* Bishops who has an automatic right to a seat as representatives of the Church

what two groups did The Commons consist of ?

* Town representatives
* knights of the shire

what were the two types of petition used to inform the king of issues in the kingdom?

* personal petitions: formal request from an individual , family, group or area for assistance from the crown to remedy a particular problem
* Commons petition : formal request from the Lower House to the crown to deal with a particular problem affecting the kingdom as a whole or a region within the Kingdom

how long was the Long Parliament 1406?

* 23 weeks
* 1 March 1406 to 22 December 1406

what was the outcome of the Long Parliament 1406?

* a new smaller council was set up to govern in the kings name, which was headed by Henry ,Prince of Wales and included the three key officers of state , who were the chancellor, treasurer and keeper of the Privy Seal
* a document containing 31 articles were drawn up, detailing rules for controlling the crown’s financial expenditure