FDR1 Anatomy

What type of synovial joint are the interphalageal joints?

Hinge Joint

What type of synovial Joints are the metacarpo-phalangeal joints?

Condyloid joint

What type of synovial joint is the first carpo-metacarpal Joint of the thumb?

Saddle Joint

What type of synovial joints are the second to fifth carpo-metacarpal joints?

Gliding Joints

What type of synovial joint is the main wrist joint?

Epsiloid Joint

How many Carpal Bones are there?

8

What are the names of the Carpal Bones?

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

Where does the Trapezium sit?

Under the thumb

Where does the trapezoid sit?

Next to the trapezium

What is the capitates most defining feature?

Its the largest of the carpal bones

What is the defining feature of the hamate?

It has a curved projection on it called the hook of hamate

Where does the scaphoid sit?

In the anatomical snuff box

Where does the lunate get its name from?

It’s crescent shape

What shape is the triquetral?

Pyramid

What is the smallest carpal bone called?

Pisiform

What type of bone is the radius?

Long bone

What does the head of the radius articulate with?

Radial notch of the ulnar and the capitulum of the humerus

What does the distal end of the radius articulate with?

Head of ulna and scaphoid and lunate

What side does the radius sit on?

The lateral side (the thumb side)

What side does the ulna sit on?

The medial side(the little finger side)

What does the proximal end of the ulna articulate with?

radial head and trochlear of the humerus

what does the distal end of the ulnar articulate with?

ulnar notch of radius

How many synovial joints does the elbow have?

3

What type of synovial joint is the Ulnohumeral joint of the elbow?

Hinge Joint

What movement does the ulnohumeral joint support?

Bending and straightening

What type of synovial joint is the humeroradial joint of the elbow?

Ball and Socket Joint

What movement does the Humeroradial joint support?

Bending, straightening and rotation

What type of synovial joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint of the elbow?

Pivot Joint

What movement does the proximal radio-ulnar joint support?

Rotation

Mnemonic for ossification centres of Elbow:

CRITOE

Proximal end of the humerus:

Head, Anatomical Neck, Greater tuberosity, Lesser tuberosity, Intertubercular Sulcus, Surgical Neck

Distal end of Humerus:

Medial Epicondyle, Lateral epicondyle, Medial supracondylar ridge, Lateral supracondylar ridge, Capitulum, Trochlear, Groove for ulnar nerve, Olecranon Fossa, Coronoid Fossa, Radial Fossa

Proximal end of ulna:

Olecranon Process, Coronoid process, Ulnar tuberosity, Trochlear notch, Radial notch

what does the Proximal end of the humerus articulate with?

Glenoid cavity of scapula

What does the distal end of the humerus articulate with?

trochlear notchof ulna and head of radius

what are the joints of the shoulder called?

Sternoclavicular joint, scapulothoracic joint, Acromioclavicular joint, Glenohumeral joint

Parts of shoulder:

Clavicle, Coracoid process, Acromion, Glenoid cavity, Scapula, Humerus, supraglenoid tubercule, infraglenoid tubercule, scapula notch, superior angle, inferior angle, lateral border, medial border

What are the parts of the shoulder girdle?

Clavicle, ball and socket joint, acromion process, coracoid process

Is the coracoid process in the shoulder or the elbow?

Shoulder

Is the coronoid process in the shoulder or the elbow?

Elbow

What type of synovial joint is the Gleno-Humeral Joint?

Ball and Socket Joint

What articular surfaces does the gleno-humeral joint include?

The head of the humerus and the Glenoid cavity of scapula

What movement can the gleno-humeral joint do?

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Rotation and circumduction

What are the three main functions of the ankle?

Mobility, Balance, Absorption of forces

What bones is the ankle joint formed by?

Talus, Tibia and Fibula

What type of synovial joint is the ankle joint?

Hinge Joint

What movement does the ankle joint allow?

Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion

What type of synovial joint is the tarso-metatarsal joint?

Plane Joint

What type of synovial joint is the metatarso-phalangeal joint?

Condyloid Joint

Where is the Cuboid Located?

Lateral side of foot, anterior to calcaneum and posterior to 4th and 5th metatarsals

What does the cuboid articulate with?

The lateral cuneiform, the heads of the 4th and 5th metatarsals, the calcaneum and in some people the navicular

What shape is the navicular?

Irregular and boat-like

Where is the navicular located?

Medial side of midfoot, between the talus and the three cuneiform bones

What does the navicular articulate with?

The three cuneiform bones and the talus

Defining features of the medial cuneiform?

Its the largest cuneiform bone

What does the medial cuneiform articulate with?

The intermediate cuneiform, the navicular, the 1st and 2nd metatarsals

Defining feature of intermediate cuneiform?

Its the smallest cuneifrom

Articulations of the intermediate cuneiform?

Medial cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, navicular, second metatarsal

Articulations of the lateral cuneiform?

Intermediate cuneiform, cuboid, navicular, 3rd metatarsal

What shape is the talus?

A saddle

What does the talus articulate with?

Tibia, fibula, Calcaneus, navicular

What do ligaments attach?

Bone to Bone

What do tendons attach?

Muscle to bone

What side is the Tibia located?

Medial

What does the tibia Articulate with?

Fibula, Talus, Femur

What side is the fibula located?

Lateral

What does the fibula articulate with?

Tibia, Talus

What is the Tibula’s main function?

Weightbearing

What is the Fibula’s main purpose?

Attachment point for muscles

What are the two joints of the knee?

Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral

What is the primary weightbearing joint of the knee?

Tibiofemoral

What is the largest sesamoid bone?

Patella

What tendon is the patella embedded in?

quadriceps femoris

What does the patella articulate with?

The distal Femur

What type of synovial joint is the knee?

Hinge Joint

What types of movement does the knee do?

Flexion and extension

What is a bursa?

A synovial fluid filled sac, found between moving structures in a joint, aims to reduce wear and tear

What type of structure is a menisci?

Fibrocartilage

What are the two functions of a menisci?

To deepen the articular surface of the proximal tibia to increase stability. Act as shock absorbers by increasing the surface area to dissipate forces

What does the femur articulate with?

Tibia and pelvis

What is the main function of the femur?

Weightbearing

What are features of the proximal end of the femur?

Head, neck, greater trochanters, lesser trochanters, intertrochanteric line,

Distal end of femur features:

Medial and Lateral condyles