Developmental Psychology: Attachment, Parenting, Peer Relationships, and Learning

What serves as a backdrop for emotional and social development?

Attachment

What do internal working models serve as?

Mental blueprint for social interactions

Who shows behavior problems right after divorce?

Boys

What gender tends to withdraw after divorce?

Girls

How does divorce impact parenting?

Less consistent discipline and communication declines

What is a blended family?

Stepfamily (parents + kids from previous relationships)

What is the longest lasting relationship in a family?

Siblings

What characterizes authoritarian parenting?

High demand, low warmth (strict, punishment)

What characterizes authoritative parenting?

High demand, high warmth (balanced, BEST outcomes)

What characterizes permissive parenting?

Low demand, high warmth (few rules)

What characterizes indifferent (neglectful) parenting?

Low demand, low warmth (unconcerned/aloof)

What characterizes secure attachment?

Positive self + others, healthy relationships

What characterizes avoidant (dismissive) attachment?

Avoid closeness, low trust

What characterizes anxious (preoccupied) attachment?

Clingy, fear rejection, need reassurance

What characterizes disorganized attachment?

Confused, inconsistent behavior

What allows teens to argue with parents more?

Cognitive maturation

What domain causes most parent-teen conflict?

Personal domain

What is homophily?

Friendships based on similar beliefs/attitudes

What peaks around age 14?

Susceptibility to peer influence

What is key to adolescent friendships?

Similarity

What is a key marker of friendship quality for girls?

Self-disclosure

What is a clique?

Small friend group

What is a crowd?

Large reputation-based group

What is sociometric popularity?

How much people actually like you

What is perceived popularity?

Based on status, visibility, dominance

What is instrumental aggression?

Goal-oriented (to get something)

What is relational aggression?

Hurting social status (rumors, exclusion)

What month is Teen Dating Violence Awareness Month?

February

What is stage-environment fit?

How well environment matches developmental needs

What is tracking in education?

Grouping students by ability

What is a benefit of tracking?

Instruction matches level

What is a downside of tracking?

Limits growth, labels students

What is dyslexia?

Reading disorder

What is dysgraphia?

Writing disorder

What is dyscalculia?

Math disorder

What characterizes ADHD?

Trouble focusing, following directions

What characterizes autism?

Social + communication difficulties, repetitive behaviors

What is a key factor for foster care resilience?

Stable, ongoing relationships

What happens when foster youth 'age out'?

On their own (emancipated)

Do more or less teens work now?

Less

What contributed to the decline in dating?

Rise of social media

How many hours for casual friend status?

~40-50 hours

How many hours for friend status?

~80-100 hours

How many hours for close friend status?

200+ hours

What is mastery orientation?

Focus on learning and improving

What is helpless orientation?

Give up easily, feel no control

What is internal attribution?

Based on ability

What is external attribution?

Based on outside factors

What is achievement motivation?

Drive to succeed and reach goals

What happens with poor perspective taking?

More aggression → more peer rejection

Why were COVID lockdowns hard for teens?

They rely on peer relationships

Can adolescents with intellectual disability live independently?

Sometimes, depends on severity (often need support)

What is the number for the suicide & crisis hotline?

988