phospholipase C system [EX 2]

phospholipase

cleaves fatty acids from phospholipids

phosphoinositol bisphosphate

the specific type of phospholipid in the cell membrane that can be cleaved by phospholipase C

inositol triphosphate (IP3)

a second messenger that releases calcium ions from organelles, such as the ER; produced by a cleavage of a certain kind of phospholipid in the plasma membrane

diacylglycerol (DAG)

A second messenger produced by the cleavage of a certain kind of phospholipid in the plasma membrane.

non-covalent enzyme regulation

includes hydrogen bonding between regulating molecules/ligands and an enzyme, causing a change in protein shape/function

covalent enzyme regulation

a regulator delivers a molecule that covalently bonds to an enzyme, causing a change in protein shape/function

tyrosine kinase receptors

membrane receptors that attach phosphates to protein tyrosines

diabetes mellitus

insulin is not secreted adequately (type I) or tissues are resistant to its effects (type II). for both, blood glucose is high & cellular glucose is low