term 2 science 2 finals

spring extratropical&migratory cyclone

tsuyu okhotsk high&ogasawara high forms baiu front

summer

akisame

autumn

winter siberian high (west-high east-low pressure distribution

what affects the weather in japan and where is it located?

polar jet stream, N30~N60

1

Okhotsk air mass (marine cold)

2

Ogasawara (marine tropical)

3

Equatorial (marine tropical)

4

Yangtze river (continental cold)

5

Siberian (continental cold)

Cold front

Warm front

Stationary front

occluded front

Wind blows from… to… high/low

High to low

What’s a weather front?

transition zone between two air masses on the surface of Earth.

Stevenson screen

a box used to store various instruments to measure various weather factors

Thermometer

Measures temperature. It needs to be:

1. In a well ventilated area

2. 1.5m above ground

3. Without direct sunlight.

Hydrometer

measure amount of water vapour in air

Psychrometer

hygrometer consisting a dry-bulb thermometer and a wet-bulb thermometer; their difference indicates the dryness of the surrounding air. 

Barometer

Measures air pressure. Unit is hectopascals(hPa)

Pressure at sea level is 1013hPa

Low pressure..bad weather

High pressure… good weather

Thermo hygrograph

chart recorder that measures/records both temperature and humidity 

Wind vane

direction of wind

anemometer

measure speed of wind

Beaufort scale

13 scales(0-12)

weather scale

0~1=clear, 2~8=sunny, 9~10=cloudy

Rain gauge

 tool that measures rain. 

1 mm of precipitation

→1L of rain fell over an area of 1 m^2

Isobars

Drawn every 4hPa

High pressure… H

Low pressure…

Isobars are close

pressure is strong⇨wind is strong in that region.

Earth rotates at an angle of

23.4

japan stretches from

N20 to N45

Extratropical cyclone

at the edge of atmospheric cells and its caused by ascending hot air. When warm and cold air collide in the mid latitude region which then forms an updraft.

Hurricane

tropical cyclone that occurs in North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific oceans

Typhoon

tropical cyclone that occurs in Northwest Pacific Ocean

tropical cyclones

storms in south pacific/indian ocean

at what sea surface temperature does typhoons form?

27C or higher

Adiabatic Cooling

air rises then the pressure decreases to the air expands and cools

When water vapour condenses, it loses heat energy to surroundings causing air to rise again.

what happens to the air inside the typhoon when adiabatic cooling occurs?

It is heated, causing the air to expand causing atmospheric pressure at center to decrease

What cause wind to rotate and create typhoons?

corriolis effect

when does the typhoon disappear?

if it moves over land or reaches colder oceans

what causes movement of cyclones?

CORIOLIS EFFECT, TRADE WINDS, JET STREAM, OGASAWARA HIGH

which cloud does a typhoon look like?

cumulonimbus

which way does the wind in a typhoon blow? Inwards or outwards?

anticlockwise towards centre(inwards)

what is it like in the Eye of the typhoon?

calm and clear

which side of the typhoon is the dangerous semicircle? why?

right hand side, because the direction of the wind in the right hand side is the same direction as the traveling direction of the typhoon.

which side is the navigable semicircle? why?

left side, since the wind circling and the wind coming from the traveling direction cancel each other.

describe the traveling route of a cyclone.

form over tropical oceans, blown northwest by trade winds, break away and wanders, blown northeast by jetstreams 

how does the ogasawara high affect typhoons during summer? before/after summer?

block japan from typhoons during summer, brings typhoons along the rim towards japan before/after summer

Planet

steady light, orbits around a star and they don't produce light 

Star

flickering light, any object that create their own energy and light

Solar Systems

our neighbourhood of the universe

name the 8 planets in order.

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Natural satellite

anything that orbits around a planet (ex. moon)

Star cluster

assembly of stars

Open cluster

young blue white light scattered in milky way

Globular cluster

large cluster, red orange and old, not inside of milky way 

Nebula

star factory, clouds of dust and gas where concentration is high

Diffuse nebulae

Nebula reflecting light(eg: Orion Nebula)

Planetary Nebula

end of a star, exploited star

Supernova remnant

after explosion of a star 

Dark Nebula

blocks all light that tries to pass it

Galaxy

Astronomical objects which contains many things(stars, planets, etc) (ex.MILKY WAY)

External galaxy

not our galaxy

Spiral galaxy

middle of it is spinning

Astronomical Units (AU)

length between earth and sun, used for objects within the solar system

Light years(ly)

how much light travels in a year, used for objects outside solar system

apparent magnitude

scale from 1 ~ 6=bright ~ faint, ✖2.5 for each stage up

Absolute magnitude scale

uses Alpha Centauri 32.6 ly as the standard, shows how bright the star would be if it was at the same distance as Alpha Centauri

Red stars

low temperature(ex:Antares, Betelguese, Aldebaran)

Blue stars

high temperature(ex:Rigel, Sirius)

Main sequence stars

most stars

Red giants

bright but low temperature

White dwarves

faint but high temperature