Chapters 14-23: Test Question Guide

Chapters 14-23: Test Question Guide

1. What are the side effects of epinephrine?

   1. Hypertension, nausea, chest pain, cardiac arrhythmia, anxiety, tremors, nervousness

2. How long can a bee stinger keep pumping venom inside you?

   1. 20 minutes
   2. Try to take out the stinger with another object

3. What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

   1. Crushing pain in the chest
   2. Weakness
   3. The pain will travel to the left side

4. What are the signs of hypoglycemia?

   1. Possibly seizures in diabetic patients
   2. Normal or shallow to rapid respirations
   3. Moist and pale skin, pale and clammy
   4. Low blood pressure
   5. Rapid, weak pulse
   6. Altered mental status, steadily deteriorating
   7. Taken insulin but not eaten

5. What are the signs of hyperglycemia?

   1. Hyperventilating, rapid, deep breathing
   2. Kussmaul respirations
   3. Dry and warm skin
   4. Normal blood pressure
   5. Rapid, weak, thready pulse
   6. A fruity odor on their breath: acetone/ketone odor
   7. Altered mental status, steadily deteriorating
   8. Eaten but not taken insulin

6. What would tell you that a patient has pulmonary edema?

   1. Cannot be supine, cannot breathe if supine
   2. Labored breathing, respiratory distress
   3. Crackles/Rhonchi
   4. History of heart failure
   5. History of high blood pressure
   6. Treat them by putting them on CPAP

7. What are normal glucose levels?

   1. 80-120

8. Steps of the primary patient assessment:

   1. General impression
   2. AVPU
   3. Chief complaint
   4. ABCs
   5. Transport decision

9. What is the dose of epinephrine for children and adults? What are the age ranges for each?

   1. Child: under 4: 0.15

   2. Adult: over 4: 0.30

   3. You have put an AED on a patient. It is shocking. What should you do?

   4. Say CLEAR and administer the shock

   5. You have given all the doses you can of medication, but the patient is in distress and the transport time is long. Who do you call?

   6. Call medical control

   7. How do we position a stroke patient while transporting?

   8. On the affected side

   9. What do you do if a scene is unsafe?

   10. Make it safe if you can

   11. Call for appropriate resources

   12. What is the big problem with narcotics in terms of a patient taking them?

   13. The lowered respiratory rate for OPIOIDS especially

   14. Ventilate with a BVM, optimally at 100% O2 with 15 L/min

   15. What are the symptoms of an overdose of benzedrine?

   16. An amphetamine, not a benzodiazepine/barbiturate

   17. A Sympathomimetic stimulant, not a Sedative-Hypnotic

       1. An agent that produces an excited state
       2. Ex: amphetamine, methamphetamine

   18. Usually taken to make the user feel good

       1. Improve task performance
       2. Suppress appetite
       3. Prevent sleepiness

   19. May produce irritability, anxiety, fear, lack of concentration, seizures

   20. Paranoia and delusions are common signs of abuse

   21. What are the symptoms of an overdose of ecstasy?

       1. A Sympathomimetic stimulant, not a Sedative-Hypnotic
       2. Agitation and restlessness
       3. Panic attacks or severe anxiety
       4. Severe confusion or disorientation
       5. Hallucinations or delirium
       6. Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
       7. High blood pressure
       8. Nausea and vomiting
       9. Blurred vision

   22. Fainting or loss of consciousness

   23. Hyperthermia (dangerously high body temperature)

   24. Seizures

   25. What are the symptoms of an overdose of cocaine?

       1. A Sympathomimetic stimulant, not a Sedative-Hypnotic

       2. Classically inhaled into the nose and absorbed by the nasal mucosa

       3. Damaging tissue, causing nosebleeds (epistaxis), and eventually destroying the nasal septum

       4. In any form the immediate effects of a given dose, including excitement and euphoria, last an hour

       5. Intense agitation or anxiety

       6. Severe paranoia or hallucinations

       7. Aggressive or violent behavior

       8. Tremors or muscle twitches

       9. Increased heart rate and blood pressure

       10. Irregular heart rhythm

       11. Chest pain or discomfort

   26. Difficulty breathing

   27. Nausea and vomiting

   28. Seizures

   29. Stroke

   30. Coma

   31. What are the symptoms of an overdose of oxycodone?

   32. CNS depressants

   33. Can cause respiratory depression

       1. Decreased volume of inspired air
       2. Decreased rate of respirations (below 10)
       3. This can lead to respiratory and cardiac arrest

   34. Produce a high/kick when administered intravenously

   35. Overdose can result in rare seizures, comatose condition

   36. Patients appear sedated or unconscious

   37. Exhibit cyanosis with pinpoint pupils (most specific sign)

   38. Contraindications for administering oral glucose:

   39. The patient is unable to swallow

   40. The patient has a severely altered mental status

       1. Very confused, cannot follow commands, etc.

   41. The patient is unconscious

   42. The glucose is expired

   43. How does anaphylaxis kill people?

   44. Airway swelling

   45. Respiratory distress/arrest

   46. Overdilation of blood vessels → shock

   47. Symptoms of a myocardial infarction?

       1. AMI pain differs from angina pain

       2. Once dead, cells cannot be revived.

       3. “Clot-busting” (thrombolytic) drugs or angioplasty within the first few hours prevent damage.

       4. Immediate transport is essential

       5. Not always due to exertion

       6. Lasts 30 minutes to several hours

       7. Not always relieved by rest or nitroglycerin

       8. AMI and cardiac compromise physical findings

       9. Movement or palpation should not alter pain

       10. Chest discomfort: Pressure, squeezing, fullness, pain, burning, or heaviness

       11. Upper body discomfort: Neck, jaw, shoulder, arms, back

       12. Shortness of breath: Shortness of breath, feeling light-headed, or unusually tired

   48. Diaphoresis: Sweating

   49. Nausea: Feeling nauseous

   50. Peripheral cyanosis: Peripheral cyanosis, edema, pallor, diminished pulse volume, delayed rise, and delayed capillary refill

   51. Pulse and neck-vein patterns: Pulse and neck-vein patterns may reveal other associated abnormalities

   52. Cardiac bulge: Rarely, a cardiac bulge with a pace different from the pulse rhythm can be felt on precordial examination

   53. How do you care for a sexual assault victim?

   54. Move them to a private area

   55. Be respectful, supportive, and a good listener

   56. Get some evidence, clothing, hair, nails, etc.

   57. Wrap evidence materials in a paper bag, plastic degrades DNA

   58. What is a TIA?

   59. A transient ischemic attack

   60. Stroke symptoms that resolve within 24 hours on their own with no deficit in function

   61. You are doing CPR and have the return of spontaneous circulation. What should you do?

   62. Check the pulse

   63. Check the airway

   64. Check the breathing

   65. Give ventilation if needed

   66. In the JB LEARNING world, ALWAYS VENTILATE for shallow respirations

   67. How do we treat a patient with dyspnea?

   68. Oxygen and position of comfort

   69. Sitting up: Fowler’s or Semi-Fowler’s

   70. AEIOU TIPS:

   71. A: Alcohol or drug abuse

   72. E: Epilepsy, electrolyte imbalances, and endocrine problems

   73. I: Insulin, inborn errors of metabolism, and overdose or oxygen

   74. O: Underdose, uremia, or overdose

   75. T: Trauma

   76. I: Infection, psychiatric, or poisoning

   77. P: Psychosis

   78. S: Stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

   79. What do you do for a patient with good breathing with a lot of oral secretions that they cannot clear on their own?

   80. Suction

   81. What would happen if a solid organ is ruptured?

   82. Severe internal bleeding

   83. What would happen if a hollow organ is ruptured?

   84. Its contents would spill out

   85. This would lead to sepsis, bacterial infection

   86. What are the signs of adequate air exchange?

   87. Chest rise

   88. Skin is pink, warm, and dry

   89. LOC is alert and oriented

   90. Respirations between 12-20 for an adult, etc.

   91. For a patient with a narcotic overdose, what type of airway would you use?

   92. An oral airway until gasoline/Narcan is administered

   93. Have to use an oral until Narcan is administered in two nostrils

   94. Only suction if the person has vomitus or something in the mouth

   95. How does nitroglycerin work?

   96. Dilates the coronary arteries

   97. Causes blood pressure to drop

   98. What are the signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation?

   99. Breathing fast and deep

   100. Tingling and spasms in the limbs

   101. For diabetic ketoacidosis: Kussmaul respirations

   102. The patient is breathing typically for an emotional cause

   103. When calling medical control, I want the correct course of treatment for a patient. They have to know:

   104. Size of the patient (weight)

   105. What they took

   106. When they took it

   107. How much they took

   108. What do you have to watch for when giving activated charcoal?

   109. Vomiting

   110. First two steps of assessing any patient:

   111. PPE and scene safety

   112. How long should a generalized seizure last?

   113. 3-5 minutes

   114. What happens after the generalized seizure?

   115. The patient is in a postictal state

   116. How long is the postictal period?

   117. 5-30 minutes, depending on the initial seizure

   118. Have a patient with surface contact poisoning, have poison on their body. What is the main concern with this?

   119. That it does not get on the EMS provider

   120. My patient has polypharmacy. They took multiple drugs and one of the drugs is an opiate. The person’s breathing is bad. What are the two steps for treatment?

   121. Ventilate and give Narcan/naloxone

   122. How to treat a vomiting patient experiencing a tonic-clonic seizure?

   123. Turn them to their side

   124. Move them out of the way of objects

   125. Suction them

   126. Give them a nasal airway

   127. NEVER put anything into their mouths

   128. How do you treat shock?

   129. Nonrebreather at 15 L/min

   130. Trendelenberg/shock position

   131. Keep them warm with a blanket

   132. Rapid transport, if possible beat the cause of shock

   133. Ex: if bleeding, stop the breathing

   134. Ex: if anaphylactic, give an EpiPen

   135. What do I do after treating a patient?

   136. Reassess every 5 minutes if unstable

   137. Reassess every 15 minutes if stable

   138. Have a patient who is yelling, cursing, calling people names, etc. Would you say that is a behavioral crisis? When does it become a psychological emergency?

   139. When the patient becomes a threat to themselves or others

   140. What is the difference between allergies and anaphylaxis?

   141. Anaphylaxis deals with multiple body systems

   142. At least one system has to be under a life threat

   143. Anaphylaxis is life-threatening

   144. Allergies are merely annoying

   145. What tells you that a person might become violent?

   146. Changes in body language

   147. Fists clenched, jaw clenched

   148. Holding a bat and smashing windows

   149. A person has shortness of breath. Their pulse ox reads at 92%. What should you do right away for them?

   150. Give them a nasal cannula at 4-6 L/min

   151. Whatever is appropriate

   152. A person has shortness of breath. Their pulse ox reads at 88%. They are slightly cyanotic, maybe hypoxic. What should you do right away for them?

   153. Give them a nonrebreather mask at 10-15 L/min

   154. Whatever is appropriate

   155. A person has shortness of breath. They are in severe respiratory distress and are very hypoxic. What should you do right away for them?

   156. Give them a BVM mask at 15 L/min

   157. Whatever is appropriate

   158. In the primary assessment, ABCs C stands for circulation. What are the three things to check for?

   159. Bleeding

   160. Capillary refill/radial pulse

   161. Skin tone, temperature

   162. Common signs of severe/symptomatic hypoglycemia:

   163. Sudden altered mental status

   164. Severe hypoglycemia

   165. Needs glucose immediately

   166. This will result in loss of consciousness, brain damage, and death

   167. More critical than hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis

   168. Common signs of severe/symptomatic hyperglycemia:

   169. Acidosis

   170. Dehydration: needs IV fluid therapy

   171. Severe hyperglycemia

   172. Needs insulin immediately

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