wound healing

keratinocytes

What is a water insoluble protein that keeps water in the body?

extracellular matrix

What is the ground substance that helps with tissue growth and wound healing with proteins?

integrins

What are adhesion molecules that transmit bidirectionally and bind extracellular substances?

acute

What type of wound heals in a timely and organized manner?

chronic

What type of wound fails to go through healing in organized and timely manner?

partial thickness

What type of wound is able to heal by reepitheliazation?

full thickness wound

What type of wound has scar formation due to broken vasculature and bleeding?

hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation/granulation, remodeling/maturation

What are the wound healing phases?

dermis

Which part of skin contains blood vessels?

growth factor

What chemical mediator stimulates division and differentiation and regulates intracellular communication?

cytokines

What chemical mediator develops ECM and coordinates intracellular communication?

nitric oxide

What chemical mediator kills bacteria and regulates cytokines and growth factor?

primary, secondary, tertiary intention

What are the types of wound healing?

primary intention

What type of wound healing is a clean wound with edges of wound pulled together?

primary

What type of wound healing are surgical closures and clean lacerations?

secondary intention

What type of wound healing is an open wound with tissue loss and non-approximate edges?

secondary

What type of wound healing are gaping wounds with blood clots, deep ulcers, and pressure injuries?

secondary

Which type of wound healing heals w/o closure attempt?

tertiary

Which type of wound is when the wound heals open then is later closed surgically?

tertiary

What type of wound healing are contaminated wounds and wounds w/ infection risk?

vasoconstriction, platelet plug, fibrin clot formation

What are the phases of hemostasis?

inflammatory phase

What wound healing phase cleans the wound?

mast cells

What inflammatory cells release histamine and recruit immune cells?

neutrophils

What inflammatory cells seap out into ECM and kill bacteria, remove debris, and release cytokines?

macrophage

What inflammatory cell performs phagocytosis, releases cytokines and growth factor, and transitions into repair phase?

proliferative phase

What part of wound healing builds new tissue?

stimulates angiogenesis

What does VEGF do?

fibroblasts, transform into myofibroblasts, endothelial cells undergo angiogenesis, granulation tissue, reepithelialization

What are the steps of the proliferative phase?

no, scars

Does the dermal matrix ever fully regenerate?

contraction and closure, collagen turnover, decrease capillary density, decrease cellular content, mature scar

What are the steps of the remodeling phase?

type 1 to type 3

What is collagen turnover?

decrease in angiogenesis and capillary density

Why are scars a pale white color?

local

What type of factors that delay wound healing are these: hypoxia, infection, contamination, radiation exposure, movement, edema, denervation?

systemic

What type of factors that delay wound healing are these: age, malnutrition, immune deficiency, smoking, meds, metabolic status?

hypoxia

What is the leading cause of wound infection that stops fibroblast activity?

carbs and fats

What are essential macronutrients for wound healing?

negative nitrogen balance

What is it called when there is more protein being lost in urine than being taken in/eaten?

corticosteroids

What meds in wound healing promote the breakdown of macronutrients and stops inflammation?

antineoplastic drugs

What meds in wound healing impair angiogenesis, granulation, and reepithelization(immunosuppressants)?

hyperglycemia, impaired perfusion, sensory neuropathy

How does diabetes mellitus impair wound healing?

decreased pain sensation

What is the effects of DM sensory neuropathy?

impairs granulocyte function and chemotaxis

What is the effect of DM impaired perfusion?

atherosclerosis leads to ischemia and hypoxia

What is the effect of DM hyperglycemia?

fibrosis, keloids, contractures, hypertrophic scars

What are the types of abnormal wound healing?

fibrosis

What type of abnormal wound healing is the replacement of cells with collagen?

keloids

What type of abnormal wound healing is when the scar is larger than original wound?

hypertrophic scars

What type of abnormal wound healing is when the scar grows within boundaries of wound?

contractures

What type of abnormal wound healing is there is an exaggeration of contraction of wound and creates deformity?

wound dehiscence

What is it called when wounds reopen after healing?

extrafascial

What type of wound dehiscence involves separation of layers of skin and subcutaneous fat with underlying fascia intact?

fascial

What type of wound dehiscence involves separation of fascial layers and organs protrude out?

chronic healing wounds

Which wounds cannot maintain structural and functional integrity?