AP Physics 1 - Sem 1 Exam Caveny

Speed

rate at which distance is traveled (scalar)

Potential Energy

the energy an object has due to its position

Kinetic Energy

the energy of an object in motion

Velocity

an objects change in Position with time (vector)

Displacement

change in position of an object relative to starting point (vector)

Acceleration

the change in an objects velocity (mag/dir) divided by change in time

Scalar

quantities with magnitude

(ex mass, distance, speed)

Static Friction

friction between two surfaces that are not moving relative to one another

Kinetic Friction

friction between two surfaces that are moving relative to one another

Efficiency

the ratio of work output to work/energy output

Work

the product of the force applied to an object and the distance the object moves

Distance

total measured length by object (scalar)

Force

a “push” or “pull” on an object (vector) (units N)

Vector

quantities with magnitude, direction

(ex force, weight, acceleration)

Range

horizontal distance an object travels before landing

Power

the rate at which work is done (P= work/time)

When an object is in free fall

the motion of an object that is solely acted upon by gravity

What happens when 2 objects are simultaneously launched horizontally and vertically dropped from same height

they will reach the ground at the same time ;however, the one horizontally dropped will have a greater range

Projectile Motion

any object that is hit, launched, thrown, etc in 2-D (vertical and horizontal

When you can use special equations of projectile motion

when the object starts and stops at the same height

Work-Energy Theorem

work done on an object will equal the change in energy state of an object

(W=1/2mvf² - 1/2mvi²)

Actual Weight

the measure of the force of gravity exerted by the Earth on the objects mass (w=mg)

Apparent Weight

the weight of an object as it appears in an accelerating frame of reference (w=ma)

Two surfaces have high coefficient of friction, what does it tell you

there needs a larger applied force to overcome the frictional force and maintain speed

Newtons 1st Law

an object at rest or constant velocity will remain that way unless a net force acts on it

Newtons 2nd Law

the rate of change in momentum of an object is proportional to the net force applied (EF = ma)

Newtons 3rd Law

for ever “action” there is an equal and opposite “reaction”

Apply Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation

every object in the universe pulls on another object (greater mass=greater force & greater distance=less force)

Motion Graps

position vs time

velocity vs time

acceleration vs time

Energy Graphs

GPE, KE, and Friction (sometimes

Work Graphs

Amount of work done = area under the slope of graph