Anatomy & Physiology - Skeletal System

(doesn't include labelling diagrams)

Which of the following is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

a) skull c) vertebrae

b) ribs d) humerus

d) humerus

Which of the following is an example of a flat bone?

a) patella          c) vertebrae

b) scapula        d) femur

b) scapula

The name given to each end of a long bone is:

a) diaphysis c) epiphysis

b) epiphyseal plate d) periosteum

c) epiphysis

As adults age, which covering on the bone ends deteriorates, causing grinding?

a) epiphyseal                      c) articular cartilage

b) periosteum                     d) lamellae

c) articular cartilage

If calcium in the blood is low, what hormone breaks down bone to increase calcium?

a) PTH                                   c) osteoid

b) calcition                             d) hydroxyapatite

a) PTH (parathyroid hormone)

What part of the bone matrix provides compressive strength?

a) collagen                   c) marrow

b) hydroxyapaptite       d) osteoid

b) hydoxyapaptite

A mature bone cell completely surrounded by matrix is an:

a) osteoblast                 b) osteoclast             c)osteocyte

c) osteocyte

Which bone tissue contains trabeculae?

a) spongy                  b) compact

a) spongy

What is found in the spaces between trabeculae?

a) lamellae                            c) empty space

b) red bone marrow              d) Haversian canals

b) red bone marrow

Canaliculi connect which structures?

a) Haversian tubes     c) bone marrow

b) blood vessels         d) osteocytes

d) osteocytes

What forms first when a broken bone is being repaired?

a) hematoma               c) cartilage

c) callus                       d) osteoclast

a) hematoma

Which joints are immovable or slightly moveable?

a) synovial & cartilaginous

b) synovial & fibrous

c) cartilaginous & fibrous

d) fibrous & irregular

c) cartilaginous & fibrous

Which synovial joint has the greatest range of motion?

a) ball & socket                        c) ellipsoid

b) hinge                                   d) plane/gliding

a) ball & socket

What joint type is proximal to your knee?

a) saddle                         c) pivot

b) ball & socket               d) gliding

b) ball & socket

Incorporating calcium/minerals into cartilage to become bone is called:

a) hemopoiesis                                c) suturing

b) bone marrow production             d) ossification

d) ossification

Which statement is NOT true about bones?

a) Bones contain a matrix of calcium & fibers

b) Bones are classified by shape

c) Bones are created/dissolved to preserve calcium

d) Bone ossifies on the epiphysis side of the plate

d) Bone ossifies on the epiphysis side of the plate

Which type of fracture is incomplete?

a) transverse             c) spiral

b) oblique                  d) greenstick

d) greenstick

Correct order of vertebral column from cranial —> caudal

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

Osteocyte

uses processes to communicate

Red Bone Marrow

Hematopiesis occurs here

Tendon

connects muscle to bone

Synovial fluid

provides cushion and reduces friction

Yellow Bone Marrow

stores fat

Spongy Bone

made of trabeculae

Compact Bone

made up of osteons

Suture

immovable junction between two bones

Your grandmother has suffered an intracranial hematoma. What would this injury look like and where in the body is it found?

Bleeding inside the skull - where blood fills the brain or skull

Where would you expect to find the femoral artery?

In the thigh (where the femur bone is located)

2 Differences Between Adult & Infant Bones

Infants have red bone marrow and more cartilage.

Adults have yellow bone marrow and less cartilage (more solid bone)

If you were going to model spongy bone in class, what would you use and why?

Honeycomb because the comb acts as trabulae while the honey in them acts as the red bone marrow