APUSH Period 7 [PART 1]

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Triangle Shirtwaist factory have fire, doors locked to prevent stealing → 140 ppl die

Significance → lead to improve working conditions reform movements in legislation

progressive ear

Conservationism

Ppl try and preserve/sustain forests

Big companies drive small ones outa business through conservationism cause can afford efforts to preserve forest

progressive era

Hetch Hetchy Valley

The federal government allowed the city of San Francisco to build a dam here in 1913. This was a blow to preservationists, who wished to protect the Yosemite National Park, where the dam was located.

Square Deal

roosevelt plan for econ/pol stability by guaranteeing rights of workers and protecting business interests

Roosevelt target problems of business trusts → victory → affirm fed gov pwr to regulate busines trusts that violate public interests

He distinguished between good and bad trusts

Elkins Act

equal price for railroads

made by roosevelt in square deal

progressive era

Department of Commerce and Labor

dealt with domestic economic affairs, promoted fair business practice

made by roosevelt in square deal

progressive era

The Jungle

expose impoverished imm lives and working conditions, especially in meatpacking industry

Meat Inspection Act

1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products

made by roosevelt

progressive era

Pure Food and Drug Act

prohibited sale of fake labels of food/drugs

progressive era

Willaim Taft (1908)

republican roosevelt successer, horrible leader

pushed around by the big guys → Payne-Aldrich act —raised tax on imports

Taft does not oppose → alienated key progressive legislators

Progressive party (1912)

Roosevelt come back from overseas, see tafts missteps and opposes him → 1912 runs for pres as Progressive Party

New Nationalism

Roosevelt's progressive party political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice

New Freedom

Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912

improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and, by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete.

Election of 1912

Republican Taft

Progressive Roosevelt

Democrat Wilson

Wilson win

Sixteenth Amendment (1913)

graduated income tax

congress pass under wilson

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)

strengthened sherman anti-trust act and actually worked

under Wilson

Election of 1916

Woodrow Wilson win again

Progressive Era

1900s, groups sought to reform America economically, socially, and politically

Progressive Era Legacy

americans expect more from gov

Progressives challenge lazies faire

"closing of the frontier"

reach pacific → need for wider field of american energy → contributes to imperialism

Jingoists

Superpatriotic supporters of the expansion and use of military power. Jingoists

longed for a war in which they could demonstrate America's strength and prove their own masculinity.

- Panic of 1893 took away manliness, want it back → jingoism

US Navy (1900)

Third most powerful navy in world

Cuba

Spanish colony, trying to gain independence

Yellow Journalists exagerate conditions for readership → US send ships in area → USS Maine

Yellow Journalism

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

Spanish-American War

Journalists hear cuba try break free → yellow journalism, exagerate cuba situation, make americans think helping cuba only humane thing to do

→ USS Maine there, blown up → more yellow journalism → US declare war

US win → launch US into imperial game

Teller Amendment (1898)

recognize cuba independance from spain

Platt Amendment

limited cuba freedom

Cuba cannot sign treaties without US consent

Phillippines

during spanish-american war

roosevelt send US navy to phillipines

Join with locals overthrow spanish rule

phillipinos think finally free from imperial power, but now under new one

Anti-Imperialist League

against phillipine annexation

some not want take advantage of colonial ppl

Others racist, and dont think they can be civilized

Big Stick Diplomacy

"big stick" symbolizes teddy roosevelt power and readiness to use military force if necessary

intimidated countries

echoed monroe doctrine

basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy.

Roosevelt Corollary

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

Open Door Policy, 1899

European powers control China economically growingly → US want part of china market before too late → sec of state John Hay request open door policy in China

→ US now able to take part in China market

WWI powers

Central Powers: Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary

Allied Powers: GB, France, Russia (later italy)

The Lusitania

Germany boats attack ships, one being Lusitania that had americans on board

made americans want to go to war, but wilson manages to keep US neutral

German back off, doesn't want US to enter war

Unrestricted Uboat Warfare

After Lusitania germany back off, not want US to enter war

Later decide that they could win with uboat unrestricted before US even has chance to join war --> Unrestricted Uboat Warfare

Zimmermann Telegram (1917)

German send encrypted message to Mexico to solicit war against US in return for lands lost in Mexican American war

US intercept → last straw, declare war

US American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

After join war, US send them to fill in gaps in allied powers militaries, then later have a ton more and tip the balance of the war in favor of allies

Selective Service Act of 1917

draft for men to join US military

US Total War

Shift to war-time economy, wilson make: War industries board + food aministration + national war labor board

War Industries Board

coordinated /supervised production of military supplies

National War Labor Board (1918)

Made during wartime to try settle disputes in US

Board made of representatives from worker unions if "no strike pledge"

Made 8 hour workdays

Food Administration

This government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food and ration food for the military.

Committee on Public information

Made propoganda to reduce divisions over war in the country

Censored war info to discourage opposition

Espionage Act of 1917

Law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during WW1

Sedition Act of 1918

added to Espionage Act to cover "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed forces.

American Protective League

during WWI -- v Germany

German imms enter country, some spies that destroy US ships

Everyone wary of germans → APL spied on germans imms

Treaty of Versailles

Ended WWI

Wilson propose 14 points that aimed to prevent future wars

established league of nations, allowed league to use collective military to combat aggression

Henry Cabot Lodge

conservative senator who wanted to keep the united states out of the league of nations

Irreconciliables

group of senators who completely disagreed with the Treaty of Versailles and wanted the US to come home and completely isolate itself from European conflicts

Red Scare (1919-1920)

Russian rev → growing communism → red scare

→ growing anti-communist sentiment → ppl fear communist infiltration into US

→ Palmer Raids

Schenck v. United States

Guys in socialist party tell young guys to resist the draft → arrested for violating espionage act

Say freedom of speech is not absolute; when speech has a clear and present danger it is constitutionial for it to be silenced

Basically upheld espionage/sedition acts

Palmer Raids

Attorney general Palmer tell J Edgar Hoover to secretly gather info on suspected communists → 6000 arrests made, 500+ deported

Most arrests indiscriminate and w/out concrete evidence

Bureau of Investigation

Later FBI, leady by J Edgar Hoover

Spied on suspected radicals since red scare

Great Migration

huge portion of southern blacks migrate to urban north

Reasons move: Racial oppression in south, Jim crow laws, Segregation, Disenfranchised — poll tax, literacy tests

Finding jobs — expanded wartime jobs + boom in industry

In north, blacks still face a ton of racial injustice

Election of 1920

Republican Warren Harding elected pres

Credit System

a system for allowing people to purchase things on credit

17th Amendment

voters elect senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures)

18th Amendment (1919)

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

later repealed

19th Amendment (1920)

Gave women the right to vote