English 1107 terms

culture

the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time. we understand the world through the lens of our culture
Example Identified externally : language, food , traditions
example identified internally: values, behaviours emotions and beliefs

media

channels of communication; the means of communication that reach people widely
examples: Internet, television, books, newspapers, magazines (explain how they reach people widely)

surface reading

passive and misses deeper meanings

example: skimming through a book before class

deep reading

active and collaborative, close reading, critical thinking, analysis, make meaning

examples:

• Make notes: words you don’t understand, the deeper meaning etc

• annotating

⭐️analysis

a process of deep reading - suspend judgement, pay attention to detail, notice the obvious and what jumps out at you as well as the less obvious, identify patterns/repetitions , ask why , what is the significance

⭐️exegesis

interpretation of text, especially scripture
4 levels of exegesis
Literal : surface ( first immediate encounter with text)
Moral: context (history, culture, society, politics, biography)
Allegorical : subtext (story/stories underneath text)
Anagogical :interest (how text speaks to another text, interconnection)

⭐️Colonization

one group taking control of the lands, resources, languages, cultures and relationships of another group; colonization involves imposing ones own culture on indigenous peoples

⭐️Decolonization

cultural, psychological and economic freedom for indigenous people with the goal of helping them overcome the abuse and trauma of colonization

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example: Truth and Reconciliation commissions 94 calls to action

⭐️Settler colonialism

a system of oppression based on genocide and colonialism that aims to displace indigenous people and replace them with a new settler population. Settler colonialism finds it foundations on a system of power perpetrated by settlers that represses indigenous peoples rights and cultures by erasing them and replacing them, with their own. Settler colonial state include canada the US austrailia and south africa

⭐️Indian residential school system

a church-run , government funded that rook indigenous children away from their parents against their will and subjected them to abuse , neglect and dangerous living conditions in the name os assimilation into white culture and religion

⭐️virtual reality

A technological form of media that can be used to experience something from a first person perspective without actually being there.

example: Virtual tour of residential schools

⭐️Racism

an abuse of power and privilege based on an ideology of superiority / inferiority between a dominant race over a non dominant/ marginalized population

⭐️individual racism

an individuals racist assumptions, beliefs or behaviours and a form of racial discrimination that stems from conscious and unconscious personal prejudice.

Individual racism is connected to/ learned from broader socio- economic histories and processes and is supported and reinforced by systemic racism

systemic racism

the policies and practices entrenched in established intuitions which result in the exclusion or promotion of designated groups

example:

• residential school system

• predominantly white employees at many companies, despite diversity policies

social media

forms of electronic communication (such as websites for social networking) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content

example:

• seeing updates from friends on Facebook, TikTok, snapchat

• sharing your life on instagram etc

⭐️cult

great devotion to a person, idea, object, movement, or work; a religion regarded as unorthodox or fake

digital graveyards

virtual spaces commemorating dead loved ones

example: an in memorial Facebook page

⭐️critical thinking

the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to do or what to believe. It includes the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking

example: thinking about how yourself and others view social media therapists; debate

Irony

a situation in which there is a contrast between expectation and reality

example:
saying "what a beautiful day" on a stormy day

In medias res

Latin for “in the midst of things”. The practice of beginning a text in the middle of a situation

example:
- a movie that opens with the detective looking for the killer

Enjambment

the continuation of a sentence or clause beyond the end of a line of verse

example:
- “In the sixth month/
of a disastrous reign in the house of money”

⭐️end-stopped line

the ending of a phrase or sentence at the end of the line of a verse; this can be marked with a period or a semi colon.

example:
- " I took a chair outside and watched the sun"

anaphora

the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or phrases

example:

• " in the street of money, in the city of money, in the country of money"

• "it was the best of times, it was the worst of times"

syntax

the way a writer arranges words to make sentences

example:
"jillian hit the ball" instead of "hit ball the jillian"

Independent clause

a group of words that contained a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a complete sentence, because it expresses a complete thought.

Example:

• “She ate the apple”.

• "they ate food"

dependent clause

a group of words that contains a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence, because it does not express a complete thought.

Ex:

• “before it went bad”

• "after she went home"

simple sentence

a sentence consisting of one independent clause.

Ex

• “ they spoke quickly”

• "they ate food"

Complex sentence

a sentence consisting of one independent and one or more dependent clauses. Ex:

• “ although they were unsure about taking the course, they found it interesting”.

• "she cried when she fell"

Compound sentence

a sentence consisting of two or more independent clauses, which are joined by either a comma and a coordinating conjunction (and, but , or) or a semi colon.

Ex:

• she cared about helping people; she became a nurse. - she cared about helping people, and she wanted to become a nurse.

• he wanted to go to the store, and he drove his bike there.

run on sentence

a sentence that has two or more independent clauses without any punctuation or conjunctions to join them. Doesn’t necessarily mean excessively long, but it often does.

Has the structure [independent clause][independent clause].

For example: the girl is quick she runs like the wind.

Comma splice

when two or more independent clauses are joined by a comma.

Has the structure: [independent clause], [independent clause].
For example: [the girl is quick], [she runs like the wind]

active sentence

a sentence where the subject (the person or thing doing the action) comes first.

Example:

• The cat chased the mouse

• Souvankham Thammavongsa wrote how to pronounce knife.

passive sentence

a sentence where the object (thing that is receiving the action) comes first

Example:

• the mouse was chased

• How to pronounce knife was written by Souvankham Thammavongsa

parallel structure

using the same grammatical pattern in 2 or more words, phrases, or clauses

Example: Sarah likes, reading, singing and swimming

multimedia

using more than one medium of expression or communication

For example: combining moving and still pictures, sound , music , video, and text

• music videos

• leavings book

tone

the writers attitude toward what is being written

examples: formal, informal, excited, sad, comedic, sarcastic , serious

cheating

Obtaining or attempting to obtain, or aiding another to obtain, credit for work or improvement in evaluation of performance, by dishonest or deceptive means.

example: looking at another students answers during a test

plagiarism

Students plagiarize when they represent the work of others as their own, including words, ideas, information, data, computer code, images, and all other intellectual or creative material

examples:
• appears to be original work when it is, in whole, or in part, drawn from other sources without full and clear acknowledgement;

• is copied from other students;

• was purchased from, or generated by, a third party or service;

• has been previously submitted and graded, in whole or in part, in another course

falsification

a violation of academic integrity to invent data, sources, quotations, or other material with the aim of presenting that material as genuine research or experimental results

example: making up a statistic to make your argument sound better

paraphrasing

rewording and restructuring what someone else has said.

Example: In the second paragraph of the poem “The Trial,” two women who are angry with the role Galya plays in the revolution violently confront Galya and snatch Anushka from her (Kaminsky 68).