facial bones, orbits, mandible and TMJ - pt. positioning

facial bone waters: CR

exit at acanthion

facial bone waters: positioning lines

MML perpendicular, places OML at 37 degrees to IR

facial bone waters: petrous ridges

below maxillary sinuses

facial bones modified waters: CR

exits acanthion

facial bones modified waters: positioning lines

LML perpendicular, OML 55 degree angle

facial bones modified waters: petrous ridges

in lower 1/3 of maxillary sinuses

PA axial caldwell facial bones: CR

exits nasion, 15 degrees caudal

PA axial caldwell facial bones: petrous ridges

into lower 1/3 of orbits

SMV zygomatic arches: CR

enters 1 inch posterior to outer canthus

tangential zygomatic: CR

to arch of interest at 1 inch posterior to outer canthus

AP axial mandible: CR

35 degrees caudal (OML), 42 degrees caudal (IOML), 1 inch superior to glabella

AP axial mandible: positioning lines

OML or IOML perpendicular

SMV mandible: CR

midway between madibular angles

SMV mandible: positioning lines

IOML parallel

axiolateral TMJ schuller method: CR

½ inch anterior and 2 inches superior to upside EAM

axiolateral TMJ schuller method: positioning lines

true lateral, IOML perpendicular