Orientation to Medical Imaging Unit Test 1

What is the main use of radiation in medicine?

create images to help provide diagnoses within the human body

who is the father of xrays?

Wilhelm Rontgen

where was he from and when was this discovery?

Germany, Nov 8, 1895

how did he discover xrays?

he was experimenting with cathode tube he noticed that a screen that has been painted with barium was fluorescing

what was the first xray of?

his wifes hand

why did he come up with the name xray?

x=unknown invisible rays= xrays

did he patent his discovery?

no he refused

what is medical imaging?

the science that uses energy to create images of human body

what are the various energy forms used?

xrays, ultra sound, CT, MRI, nuclear med

type of radiation for xrays

ionizing radiation

types of radiation used for ultrasound

no radiation, non-ionizing, sound waves

types of radiation for CT

ionizing radiation

type of radiation for MRI

non-ionizing, no radiation, magnetic fields and radiofrequencies

type of radiation for nuclear med

ionizing radiation, gamma radiation, radioactive isotopes

What is ionization?

any process by which a neutral atom gains or lose an electron and becomes + or - (charged)

what is radiation?

energy transmitted by waves through a space or median

what does (is) radiography do?

uses electromagnetic energy in the form of xrays to create images this energy creates ionizations which create the medical image as wel as potentially harming living tissue

how will name be written after credentials?

RT (R)

all the different career opportunities

radiography, sonography, cardiovascular int., mammography, radiologist assistant, nucelar med, PET, radiation, DEXA, CT, MRI

what is sonography?

(aka ultrasound) high-frequency ultrasound waves, reflect back for image, less harmful than an x-ray (S) (VS)

what is cardiovascular interventional imaging?

Uses x-rays to visualize human blood vessels and heart anatomy

Requires the use of a catheter and the injection of x-ray contrast material to visualize anatomy

what is mammography?

Special type of low-dose X-ray imaging of the breast to create detailed soft tissue images

what is radiologist assistant?

an advanced-level radiographer who extends the capacity of the radiologist in the diagnostic imaging environment

what is nuclear medicine?

Uses radioactive material for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases or to differentiate normal and abnormal structures in the body. They operate a gamma camera to detect emitted radiation to create an image.

what is PET scan?

Positron emission tomography - injection of radioactive substances to map brain activity

what is radiation therapy?

When you are exposed to Radiation to disrupt cell division.

What is a DEXA bone density scan

dual energy xray absorptiometry, uses very small dose of ionizing radiation, to produce picture of the inside of the body to measure bone loss osteoperosis

what is CT?

computed tomography, uses xray energy and sophisticated soft ware to create sectional images of the human body, creates 100s of images rotating

what is MRI?

Magnetic resonance imaging. Images based on the magnetic properties of chemical elements within the body, rather than ionizing radiation such as X-rays.

what is the preffered name for all modalities to fall under?

medical imaging

who are all apart of the health care team?

MD, DO, nurses, allied health personal MI, supporting members

other modalities not taking images

PACS admin, imaging admin, education, research, comercial entities

are radiological and imaging science proffessionals essential members of health care team?

YES

what do most health careers fall under?

allied health

what is accreditation?

process by which an educational program is evaluated and recognized as having met certain standards

what is the accredition of our school?

JRCERT

who is the JRCERT?

Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology, concerned with compliance with education standards developed by and for the proffessionals of radiological technology

certification agencies?

individual- ARRT

When was ARRT established?

1922

what does the ARRT do?

provide credential exam & they enforce a code of ethics, deals with the demonstration of minimum competencies in recognized proffessional skills and knowledge

state licensing agencies?

-Some states may require state licensing to practice radiologic technology.

-Laws can vary greatly from state to state.

*It is your responsibility to identify which states have licensing.

*Contact the ASRT for a current listing.

-Many states will honor certification from a nationally recognized agency such as the ARRT.

*Known as licensure. ISDH

why are proffessional orgs important?

they fight for us and keep our jobs safe

do employers value multi credentionled techs?

yes

four factors that account for reduction of injuries

body mechanics, proper patient handling, base of support, center or gravity, lifting

what are the stability muscles?

core, glutes, keep you stable postural support

what are the mobility muscles?

movement, legs, arms extremeties

good body mechanics?

- Use good posture.

- Always keep your body's line of balance close to your center of gravity (below waistline).

- Hold object close to body.

- Bend your knees.

- Don't twist your trunk.

- Push rather than pull.

proper patient handling?

good base of support, awarness of center of gravity use of correct muscles for mobility and stability pay attention to orthostatic hypotension in patient

what is base of support?

foundation at which the body us supported wise base, feet apart shoulder width improves stability

what is center of gravity?

hypothetical-point around which a body's weight is equally balanced in all directions

what are lifting principles?

bend knees, back straight, slightly lordotic, always inform patient what you will do before you do it

what is the saying you should say before moving a patient?

cross arms across your chest and give yourself a big hug

should you let patients do as much as can do when transfering?

yes

more lifting principles

slowly, transfer belt, secure loose clothing, twisting should be avoided, help pivot

what is orthostatic hypotension? symptoms

sudden drop in BP caused by change in a patients body position- dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, slurred speech, minimize by standing slowly and sitting for a sec

how should transfering patients be?

someone takes charge, in synchronization

four types of wheelchair transfers?

1. Standby assist

2. Assisted standing pivot

3. Two-person lift

4. Hydraulic lift

what is standby assist?

used for patients who have the ability to transfew from a wheelchair to table on their own, lock wheelchair sit on edge, nose over toes and push

what is assisted standing pivot?

used when transferring patient from wheelchair to table, use transfer belt, bend knees, help patient up, pivot to put on table, wheelchair at 45 degree angle to table, LOCK WHEEls

what is 2 person lift?

patient crossed arms, one person grab under armpits other holding legs, lift in unison

what is hydraulic lift?

When patient's are too heavy to life manually and require a hydraulic lift.

what to always do on wheelchair transfer?

lock wheels

cart transfer

cart wheels locked, usually require 3 people, use transfer aids, cart closest to table as possible

cart to table transfer

uses transfer device roll patient away from table position device under patient and hseet, roll patient back pull sheet and patient on to table count of 3

what is supine position?

lying on the back

what is prone position?

lying on stomach

what is lateral?

on side left or right

what is sims?

patient laying on right side, slightly forward leg up recovery position

what is fowler?

45 degree angle, head higher than feet

What does WRMSD mean?

work-related musculoskeletal disorder

What is the Trendelenburg position?

- entire bed is tilted with head of bed lower than foot of the bed;

- facilitates venous return; can help increase low BP; used for postural drainage

what are standard precautions?

hand washing, wearing gloves, PPE, needle recapping, biospills

when should it be used?

in contact with blood, bodily fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes, non-intact skin

what are 3 common precautions?

airborne- wear mask N95-TB, droplet-goggles, mask, gown, gloves-flu, contact- gown, gloves, scavies, mersa, cdiff

what is asepsis?

freedom from infection

types of asepsis?

Medical asepsis—clean technique, as much as possible

Surgical asepsis—sterile technique, complete elimination

chemical and physical methods of asepsis?

chemical- disinfectants, physical-sterilization, autoclave-hightemp, steam to eleminate germs

What is sterlization?

absolute killing of all life forms, heat is most affective

when to hand wash?

before and after patients

when to war and take off your gloves?

whenever you expect to come in contact with bodily fluids, secretion or skin contact, after procedure before you touch anything else in room

when is appropriate to foam?

no visible soil on hands

when is appropriate to hand wash?

visible soil on hands

coukd you need to use different cleaners for different diseases?

YES