Cell Division and the Cell Cycle

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Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms related to cell division, the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis.

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24 Terms

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Somatic Cells

Body cells that go through a life cycle called the cell cycle.

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DNA

All genetic information is contained in this molecule.

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Chromosomes

Structures found in the nucleus that contain DNA.

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Histones

DNA is wrapped around these proteins to fit into a cell.

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Chromatin

Long intertwined strands of DNA formed by histones.

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Homologous Chromosomes

Pairs of chromosomes with the same genes, size, centromere position, and banding.

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Alleles

Different forms of the same gene carried by homologous chromosomes.

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Diploid

Cells containing pairs of homologous chromosomes (2n).

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Haploid

Cells containing unpaired chromosomes (n).

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Karyotype

The particular set of chromosomes that an individual has.

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G2 Phase

The phase where the cell doubles checks duplicated chromosomes for errors and makes repairs.

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S Phase

The phase where each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated by the cell.

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G1 Phase

The phase/stage where cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes, are duplicated.

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Sister Chromatids

Exact copies of DNA made during the S phase.

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Interphase

The phase where cellular organelles double in number, DNA replicates, and protein synthesis occurs.

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Mitosis

Cell division for growth, maintenance, and repair.

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Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm after mitosis.

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Prophase

The phase where chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane breaks down.

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Metaphase

The phase where chromosomes are guided to the equator of the cell by spindle fibers.

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Anaphase

The phase where centromeres split, and sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles.

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Telophase

The phase where chromatids reach opposite poles, unwind into chromatin, and a new nuclear membrane forms.

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Cancer

Uncontrolled cell division.

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Meiosis

The process that produces haploid gametes from diploid cells.

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Germ Cells

Cells that produce gametes and undergo interphase.