1/23
Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms related to cell division, the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Somatic Cells
Body cells that go through a life cycle called the cell cycle.
DNA
All genetic information is contained in this molecule.
Chromosomes
Structures found in the nucleus that contain DNA.
Histones
DNA is wrapped around these proteins to fit into a cell.
Chromatin
Long intertwined strands of DNA formed by histones.
Homologous Chromosomes
Pairs of chromosomes with the same genes, size, centromere position, and banding.
Alleles
Different forms of the same gene carried by homologous chromosomes.
Diploid
Cells containing pairs of homologous chromosomes (2n).
Haploid
Cells containing unpaired chromosomes (n).
Karyotype
The particular set of chromosomes that an individual has.
G2 Phase
The phase where the cell doubles checks duplicated chromosomes for errors and makes repairs.
S Phase
The phase where each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated by the cell.
G1 Phase
The phase/stage where cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes, are duplicated.
Sister Chromatids
Exact copies of DNA made during the S phase.
Interphase
The phase where cellular organelles double in number, DNA replicates, and protein synthesis occurs.
Mitosis
Cell division for growth, maintenance, and repair.
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm after mitosis.
Prophase
The phase where chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
Metaphase
The phase where chromosomes are guided to the equator of the cell by spindle fibers.
Anaphase
The phase where centromeres split, and sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles.
Telophase
The phase where chromatids reach opposite poles, unwind into chromatin, and a new nuclear membrane forms.
Cancer
Uncontrolled cell division.
Meiosis
The process that produces haploid gametes from diploid cells.
Germ Cells
Cells that produce gametes and undergo interphase.