Digestive and Urinary Systems Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms related to the digestive and urinary systems.

Oral Cavity

Mechanical digestion by the teeth and tongue; chemical digestion by saliva.

Mastication

Fancy name for chewing.

Amylase

Digests carbohydrates, starts in the mouth.

Stomach Acid

Includes HCl, intrinsic factor (absorbs B12), and pepsin (digests proteins).

Lipase

Digests lipids (fats).

Trypsin

Digests proteins.

Amylase

Digests carbohydrates.

Peristalsis

Squeezing of food to move along the tract.

Segmentation

Localized contractions to mix food and digestive juices.

Villi

Increases the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine.

Liver

Makes bile.

Gallbladder

Stores bile until it is ready to be released into the duodenum to break down fats.

Small Intestine

Most nutrients are absorbed here.

Large Intestine

Most water is absorbed here.

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls the digestive system.

Gastrin

Stimulates stomach acid production.

Urinary bladder

Smooth muscular sac that stores urine.

Ureters

Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Arteries

Carries oxygen rich blood to the kidneys.

Veins

Takes filtered blood from the kidneys.

Urethra

Thin-walled tube that carries urine by peristalsis from the bladder to the outside of body.

Kidneys

Filter blood of wastes and excess ions in the form of urine and regulates water balance.