The Government is Corrupt (2)

Africa Review

Nile River

World's longest river at 4,135 miles; flows North through 11 countries; supports agriculture and transportation.

Lake Victoria

Africa's largest lake; 2nd largest in the world; source of the White Nile, located in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania.

Chad Basin

Covers 8% of northern-central Africa; important for natural resources, water, biodiversity; home to Lake Chad.

Sudan Basin

Located in North-eastern Africa; vital for water access, agriculture, hydropower; mainly divided by the Nile River.

Congo Basin

2nd largest rainforest; home to various plant and animal species and Indigenous people (Pygmies); faces issues of deforestation and climate change.

Congo River

2nd longest river after the Nile; important for transportation, biodiversity, and hydroelectric power in West-central Africa.

Atlas Mountains

Mountain range in North Africa separating the Mediterranean basin from the Sahara Desert; influences climate and human settlement.

Niger River

Crucial waterway for West Africa; supports agriculture, hydroelectricity, and biodiversity.

Lake Nyasa

High biodiversity; 9th largest, 3rd deepest lake; located at the Southern end of the East African Rift Valley.

Mount Kilimanjaro

Highest mountain in Africa; a dormant volcano with glaciers at the top; significant for tourism.

Sahel Region

Transition zone from Mediterranean basin to Red Sea; semi-arid climate; affected by desertification.

Tropical wet

Climate with consistently high temperatures and abundant rainfall year-round; supports rainforests.

Tropical wet and dry

Climate of Savanna regions with distinct wet and dry seasons; mild temperatures across East, West, and Southern Africa.

Highland climate

Temperatures vary with altitude; typically cold with high annual rainfall; found in Ethiopia and Northeast Africa.

Savanna

Warm temperatures year-round with rainfall of 10-30 inches annually; ideal for agriculture.

Desert

Extremely dry with high temperatures and significant temperature swings; includes the Sahar, Namib, and Kalahari deserts.

Desertification

Process by which dry conditions convert fertile land into deserts; driven by climate change and mismanagement.

Oil in Nigeria

8th leading oil producer; accounts for 80%-90% of the country’s income; Nigeria is Africa's top oil producer.

Controlling the Nile River

Egypt and Sudan manage Nile River water with Aswan High Dam to aid agriculture and prevent flooding.

Niger Delta

Contains most of Nigeria's oil; suffers from poor management leading to pollution, fires, and conflict.

Causes of Desertification

Overgrazing, deforestation, soil overuse, population growth, and mismanagement are key factors.

Silt

Nutrient-rich soil deposited by waterways; essential for farming; dams can prevent its beneficial effects.

Lake Nassar

Artificial lake created by Aswan High Dam; used for irrigation and hydroelectric power.

Sahara Desert

Largest desert in the world, covering about 31% of Africa; characterized by extreme temperatures and limited water.

Highest point in the Sahara

Emi Koussi: Extinct volcano in Chad; tallest peak in the Sahara.

Evidence of past Sahara lushness

Ancient rock paintings, fossils of savannah animals, and ancient river beds indicate high biodiversity once existed.

Significance of European colonialism

Caused economic, social, and political transformations; led to environmental degradation and ethnic tensions.

Reasons for European colonization of Africa

Expanding influence, economic motives, political competition, and ideological reasons such as spreading Christianity.

Impact of arbitrary borders on Africa

Ignored ethnic groups, leading to political instability, tensions, and economic dependence.