Types of Internet Protocols

Internet Protocols

A set of rules that allow computers and other devices to communicate over the Internet.

Internet Protocol (IP)

Assigns unique addresses to devices on the internet to ensure correct data delivery.

Internet Protocol Address (IP Address)

A unique identifier assigned to a device in a network, similar to a house address.

Dividing Data into Packets

Splitting information into smaller units.

Addressing

Assigning a destination to each packet.

Routing

Sending packets through various paths to the destination.

Reassembly

Putting packets back together at the destination.

Handling Missing Packets

Managing lost or corrupted data.

1. Dividing Data into Packets

2. Addressing

3. Routing

4. Reassembly

5. Handling Missing Packets

5 Step by step working of internet protocol:

TCP/IP

The fundamental protocol for communication between devices over the Internet.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Ensures data is accurately transmitted and received.

Internet Protocol (IP)

Defines addressing and routing of data.

• Enables communication between different networks.

• Works for small and large networks.

• Uses open standards for compatibility.

• Ensures reliable data transfer with error-checking.

4 Advantages of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

• Complex configuration.

• Lacks built-in security.

• Inefficient for small networks.

3 Disadvantages of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

Application-layer protocol used for sending and relaying emails.

• Sends emails through a Mail Transfer Agent (MTA).

• Uses request and response messages.

• Notifies the recipient upon email arrival.

3 Step by Step Working of SMTP:

• End-to-End Method

• Store-and-Forward Method

2 SMTP Models:

End-to-End Method

An SMTP Model that is used between different organizations.

Store-and-Forward Method

An SMTP Model that is used within an organization.

• Supports bulk emailing.

• Reliable email delivery.

• Allows email tracking.

3 Advantages of SMTP

• Can be blocked by firewalls.

• Lacks strong security.

• Limited character set (7-bit ASCII).

3 Disadvantages od SMTP:

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

A data link layer protocol used to establish direct network connections.

• Flag

• Address

• Control

• Protocol

• Data

• FCS (Frame Check Sequence)

6 PPP Frame Format:

Flag

Determine the PPP Frame Format:

• Marks the start and end of a frame.

Address

Determine the PPP Frame Format:

• Typically set to broadcast.

Control

Determine the PPP Frame Format:

• Default unnumbered frame.

Protocol

Determine the PPP Frame Format:

• Identifies encapsulated data.

Data

Determine the PPP Frame Format:

• Contains actual information.

FCS (Frame Check Sequence)

Determine the PPP Frame Format:

• Error-checking mechanism.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A protocol for transferring files between a client and a server.

Anonymous FTP

Types of FTP:

• Allows public access without credentials.

Password Protected FTP

Types of FTP:

• Requires authentication.

FTP Secure (FTPS)

Types of FTP:

• Uses encryption for security.

FTP over Explicit SSL/TLS (FTPES)

Types of FTP:

• Encrypts commands and data transfer.

Secure FTP (SFTP)

Types of FTP:

• Uses SSH for secure file transfers.

• Control Connection - Manages session commands.

• Data Connection - Transfers files.

2 Types of FTP Connections:

Control Connection

Types of FTP Connections:

• Manages session commands.

Data Connection

Types of FTP Connections:

• Transfers files.

• Port 21 - Used for command control.

• Port 20 - Used for data transfer.

2 FTP Ports:

Port 21

• FTP Ports:

  • Used for command control.

Port 20

• FTP Ports:

  • Used for data transfer.