HEART AND BLOOD

How do blood vessels flow from the heart and back?

Arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins

T wave

ventricular repolarization

P wave

Atrium depolarization

what is the 4th step in heart flow

right ventricle

prolonged untreated hypertension causes what?

Renal failure, Stroke, cardiac failure

Ductus venosus

umbilical vein → IVC

Foramen ovale

R. Atrium to L.atrium (BYPASSES LUNGS)

ductus arteriosis

Pulmonary artery → Aorta (BYPASSES LUNGS)

Atria contracts/depolarization

P wave

Atria relaxing

S wave

Ventricles contracting/depolarization

R wave (QRS)

ventricles relaxing (repolarization)

T wave

Hepatic portal system

Portal vein → liver → hepatic vein → IVC

what is the lowest bp in the heart

Vena cava

Arteries have ____ walls

thick

Capillaries are ________ vessels and have ____ walls

exchange, very thin

right ventricle failure

Edema, swollen legs

left ventricle failure aka CHF

edema in the lungs, high RR, coughing(sputum), crackles, low ox. NO CHEST PAIN!!!

high viscosity causes?

high blood pressure

Hepatic circulation

blood flow involving the liver

atherosclerosis

accumulated cholesterol

aneurysm

buldging smooth muscle in an artery wall

varicosity

bulging in a vein

5 factors that influence BP

Blood Volume, strength, HR, blood viscosity, resistance to blood flow

Cardiogenic shock

caused by heart failure

hypovolemic

low blood volume due to loss of blood

neurogenic shock

spinal cord injury

anaphylactic

allergy reaction

septic shock

caused by infection

risk factors for hypertension

genetics, gender, obesity, age, stress

angina

lack of blood oxygen in muscle

endocardium

smooth INNER lining of the heart

what does the endocardium do?

lines the valves that open and close to regulate blood flow through the heart. PREVENTS BLOOD CLOTTING

myocardium

thick muscular layer of the heart

myocardial infarction

complete blockage of one or more coronary arteries (HEART ATTACK)

parasympathetic nerve

keeps the heart rate low

cardiac tamponade (PP & EPI)

fluid between parietal pericardium (PP) and epicardium (EPI) COMPRESSING the heart

epicardium

middle layer of the heart

systemic circulation

between the heart and the rest of the body

s1 / “lub”

triscuspid & mitral/biscuspid closure of the valves

s2 / “dub”

pulmonary & aortic valve closing