Hist: liver, GB, and pancreas

Explain/describe some of the main functions of the liver (don’t worry about memorization, just understand what the liver does)

plasma proteins (albumin, VLDL, clotting factors, etc.), stores vitamins and iron, drug metabolism, nutrient metabolism and storage, bile production, and endocrine function

Blood flows in to the liver via what?

portal vein (majority) and hepatic artery

what is the blood distribution center of the liver?

the sinusoidal capillaries (they take blood to the heptocytes)

how does blood flow out of the liver?

central vein → sublobar vein → hepatic vein → IVC

Briefly describe the flow of blood into and out of the liver

goes in via portal vein and heptic artery → then goes to the sinusoidal capillaries → then goes out the central vein → sublobar vein → hepatic vein → IVC

What drains bile from the hepatocytes to the bile duct?

portal lobule

what drains blood from the portal vein and hepatic artery to the central vein?

classic hepatic lobule

what supplies oxygenated blood to the heptocytes?

hepatic acinus

What is the smallest functional unit of the liver that is sheets of hepatocytes arranged radially around a central vein?

classic hepatic lobule

what is the liver portal triad made up of?

hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and bile duct

where does blood mix in the liver?

in the sinusoides

hepatocytes have what 3 histological descriptions?

granular, foamy, and eosinophilic

hepatocytes have both ___ and ___ functions

endocrine and exocrine

what surface of the hepatocytes face the space of disse?

basolateral surfaces

what surface of the hepatocytes is responsible for absorption of blood borne substances (bilirubin, hormones, etc.) and secretion of plasma proteins?

basolateral surfaces (they face the space of disse which is near the sinusoids where the blood is)

what surface of the hepatocytes is in contact with adjacent hepatocytes and borders the bile canaliculi?

apical surfaces

The apical surfaces of the hepatocytes have ____ that seal the intracellular space

tight junctions

explain the outflow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder

bile canaliculi (between the hepatocytes) → intralobar ductules (canals of hering) → interlobar bile ducts → hepatic duct → common hepatic duct → gallbladder

what part of the pancreas secretes hormones to regulate blood glucose?

endocrine (islet of langerhans)

what part of the pancreas (endocrine and exocrine) is the light vs dark staining tissue?

light: endocrine

dark: exocrine

what part of the pancreas makes enzymes for food digestion

exocrine pancreas

The islet of langerhans is associated with the ___ part of the pancreas

endocrine

the acinar cells/acinus of the pancreas are associated with its ____ functions

exocrine

Digestive enzymes go from the ____ and their final destination is the ____

they start in the acinus of the pancreas (the exocrine part) and they travel through ducts to the duodenum

The endocrine part of the pancreas is responsible for ____

the exocrine part of the pancreas is responsible for _____

endocrine: glucose metabolism

exocrine: production of digestive enzymes