Acid Base balance

What is the alkaline level for blood?

• 7.35 - 7.45

What does ph indicate?

• the acidity or alkalinity of the scale

If the H+ are high in numbers, then the pH is?

• low (acidic)

If the H+ are low in number, than the pH is?

• high (alkaline)

How does a body maintain the normal ph level (7.35 - 7.45)

• The H+ must be neutralized or excreted

What are the primary organs of acid-base balance?

• lungs and kidneys

What is volatile?

• H2CO3 (can be eliminatesd as CO2 gas and eliminated by the lungs)

What is nonvolatile?

• eliminated by kidneys with the regulation of HCO3 (bicarbonate)

What is an acid?

• a substance that can donate H+ to a base

What is a base?

• a substance that can accept or bind H+

What is a buffer?

• can act as an acid or a base.

• consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base

What is acidosis?

• pH less than 7.35

• can lead to dysfunctions of cardiac, central nervous, respiratory systems

What is alkalosis?

• pH greater than 7.45

• nervous, cardiovascular, muscular systems affected

What is the normal levels of bicarbonate (HCO3)?

• 22-26 mEq/L

What is Acid base Mnemonic?

• ROME

• Respiratory 

• Opposite

  • pH high PCO2, alkalosis is down

  • pH down PCO2, alkalosis is up

• Metabolic

• Equal 

  • pH up HCO3, Alkalosis is up

  • pH down HCO3, Alkalosis is down

What are some causes of respiratory acidosis?

• airway obstruction

• drug overdose

• hypoventilation

• pulmonary edema

What are some causes of metabolic acidosis?

• severe diarrhea

• renal failure

• starvation

• shock

What are some causes of Respiratory Alkalosis?

• anxiety

• acute pulmonary problems

• hyperventilation

What are some causes of Metabolic Alaklosis?

• Diuretics

• Overuse of bicarbonate

• loss of gastric juice

What are some symptoms of metabolic acidosis?

• warm, flushed skin

• muscle twitching 

• hyperkalemia

• low BP

What are some symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis?

• anxiety, seizures

• Compensatory Hypoventilation 

• Dysrhythmias

What are some symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis?

• rapid, shallow respirations

• low BP

• skin/mucosa pale to Cyanotic

• hypoxia

What are some symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis?

• high anxiety

• Tachycardia

• Hyperventilation

• seizures

What are the pH, PaCO2, and HCO3+ levels in metabolic acidosis?

• low pH

• normal PaCO2

• low HCO3+

What are the pH, PaCO2, and HCO3+ levels in metabolic alkalosis?

• high pH

• normal PaCO2

• high HCO3+

What are the pH, PaCO2, and HCO3+ levels in respiratory acidosis?

• low pH

• high PaCO2

• normal HCO3+

What are the pH, PaCO2, and HCO3+ levels in respiratory alkalosis?

• high pH

• low PaCO2

• normal HCO3+