Unit 3- Developmental psychology

nature vs nurture

explores whether human traits are primarily determined by genetics or by environment and experience.

continuity vs stages

is the idea that development is a gradual, incremental process, while this are distinct, qualitatively different steps in development

stability vs change

a fundamental concept in psychology and other fields that examines whether a person's or system's core traits remain consistent over time  or are subject to transformation 

cross sectional research

• many cohort samples

• quick, efficient, and practical ( +)

• Cohort effect ( -) { environmental thing that happen to a cohort}

longitudinal research

• only cohort sample

• valid ( +)

• takes a long time (-)

conception

the process by which a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, marking the beginning of pregnancy. 

zygote

fertilized egg ( 2 weeks )

embryo 

critical period ( 3-8 weeks )

fetus

3rd month to birth ( 9 weeks)

Terratogens

harmful chemicals or environment the mother is in during her pregnancy it can effect the fetus negatively

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ( FAS)

when the mother drinks during her pregnancy daily 

rooting

root for nipple when its faced is touched

sucking

sucks on whatever goes in their mouth

grasping 

grasp objects placed in hand 

moro

when startled babies flail their limbs out and the retract into a ball

babinski

when foot is stroked, toes spread

sight

babies are born legally blind 

Tabula rasa

blank state ( which is not true)

jean piaget

cognitive

schemas

• piaget

• rule of thumb ( whatever environmental agents the mother is in)

assimilation

experience that supports and strenghtens the schema away

Accomdation

it contradicts and changes schema

sensorimotor

• age: 0-2

• Benchmark: stranger anxiety, object permanance

Pre Operational

• Age: 3 to 5 ( preschool)

• Benchmark: Pretend Play, languauge explodes, egorentrism

Concrete Operational

• Age: 5 to 11 

• Benchmark: knows/ understanding  what is right and wrong 

Formal Operational

• Age: 11 to 14 ( middle school)

• Benchmark: Hypothetical

Criticism of Piaget

he underestimated kids

Attachment

quality relationship between child and primary care giver 

stranger anxiety

where infants they experience fear or apprehension towards unfamiliar people. 

Harry Harlow

raised 2 monkeys with 2 wired mothers

critical period

window of opportunity of learning something new, when your younger

imprinting

copying

Mary Ainsworth ( strange situation)

• Mom&baby- enter

• stranger enter

• mom-exits

• stranger- exits

• mom returns- “The reunion”

2/3

a secure relationship between the mother and the baby

avoidant

non-entity ( irrelevant)

anxious ambivalent

inconsistent relationship between the mother and child

Baumrind

Parenting styles

permssive

• no rules

• wants to be the child's friend

• im not regular mom, im a cool mom

Authoritian

• Strict

• alot of rules

• because I said so

Authoritative

• Structure

• few rules

• respects independence

• my parents style ( for sure)

Lawerance Kohlberg

Moral