Neuropsychology of Aberrant Salience 2

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter associated with reward and pleasure, often implicated in addiction.

Behavioural Addictions

Addictions related to behaviors such as gambling, gaming, and internet use that can lead to significant impairment or distress.

Naloxone

A MOR antagonist used therapeutically to reverse opioid overdoses.

Naltrexone

A MOR antagonist administered orally, used to enforce abstinence in motivated individuals.

Methadone

A mu-opioid receptor agonist used for long-term treatment of opioid dependence.

Buprenorphine

A partial MOR agonist used in combination with naloxone to reduce potential for abuse in opioid addiction therapy.

Suboxone

A combination of buprenorphine and naloxone used for the treatment of opioid dependence.

Contingency Management (CM)

A behavioral approach that uses reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors, such as abstinence from drug use.

Harm Reduction

Strategies aimed at reducing the negative consequences associated with drug use without necessarily eliminating drug use.

Gambling Disorder

A persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, categorized by specific criteria in the DSM-5.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

A psychological treatment that helps individuals manage their problems by changing the way they think and behave.

GLP-1

Glucagon-like peptide-1, a hormone that has a role in influencing reward, feeding, and glucose metabolism.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Incentive Salience Model of Addiction

A theory suggesting that cues associated with drug use can become attractive and motivational, increasing the likelihood of relapse.

Withdrawal Syndrome

Physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a person reduces or stops using a substance they are dependent on.

Detoxification

The process of removing toxic substances from the body, often used in the context of substance use treatment.

Relapse Prevention

Strategies used to prevent a return to substance use after periods of abstinence.