NHA review terms

What connects the arterioles and venules together?

endothelial cells

Capillaries are composed only of a layer of?

deoxygenated blood

ethical behavior

entails conforming to a standard of right and wrong to avoid harming the patient in any way

code of ethics

standards of right and wrong

Professionalism

is an attitude and set of personal characteristics needed to succeed in this field

Capillary blood is a mixture of what?

arterial and venous blood

The average adult has how much blood?

5-6 liters

Name the liquid portion of blood

plasma

Name the cellular portion of blood

formed elements

Plasma compromises how much of the circulating blood?

55%

What does plasma contain?

proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hormones, minerals, vitamins, and water {92%}. It also contains waste products such as urea that are destined for excretion.

The formed elements constitute how much of the blood?

45%

Erythrocytes are also known as

red blood cells

Formed elements are composed of

99% erythrocytes, leukocytes & thrombocytes

Leukocytes are also known as

white blood cells

Thrombocytes are also known as

platelets

All bone cells normally originate from where?

bone marrow

Erythrocytes contain what?

hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is:

an oxygen-carrying protein

There is how much red blood cells per microliter of blood?

4.2-6.2 million

The normal life span of a red blood cell is how long?

120 days

The leukocytes function is to

provide the body protection against infections

What is the normal amount of white blood cells for an adult?

5,000- 10,000 per microliter

Name the five types of white blood cells

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, & basophils

Thrombocytes are:

small irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes

The average platelet is how many micro liters of blood?

140,000 to 440,000

Thrombocytes life span is

9-12 days

Hemostasis

process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury

Name the four stages of hemostasis

vascular phase, platelet phase, coagulation phase, and fibrinolysis

vascular phase

Injury to a blood vessel causes it to constrict slowing the flow of blood

platelet phase

Injury to the endothelial lining causes platelets to adhere to it. Additional platelets stick to the site finally forming a temporary platelet plug in the process called "aggregation."

coagulation phase

This involves a cascade of interactions of coagulation factors that converts the temporary platelet plug to a stable fibrin clot. The coagulation cascade involves an intrinsic system and extrinsic system, which ultimately come together in a common pathway

fibrinolysis

Breakdown and removal of a clot

What is the preferred site for venipunctures?

antecubital fossa

median cubital vein

the first choice for venipuncture

cephalic vein

the second choice for venipuncture, usually more difficult to locate, is often the only vein that can be palpated in the obese patients.

basilic vein

the third choice for venipuncture, least firmly anchored, if needle is inserted to deep this artery may be punctured.

sclerosed veins

veins feel hard or cord-like, can be caused by disease, inflammation, chemotherapy or repeated venipunctures.

thrombotic veins

unsuitable for venipuncture

tortuous veins

winding or crooked veins, specimen may produce erroneous test results

You shouldn't draw blood from an arm with what running in it?

IV fluids

What is the first thing needed before doing a venipuncture?

laboratory requisition slip and pen

For patients allergic to iodine, \____________ is used

chlorhexidine gluconate

Vacutainer tubes

color coded for specific tests and available in adult and pediatric sizes.

First order of draw

blood culture tubes or vials

Second order of draw

sodium citrate tubes

Name the order of draw {color}

yellow, blue, red, gold, green, lavender, pink, grey

What additive is in a yellow tube?

SPS {sterile}

What additive is in a light blue tube?

sodium citrate

What additive is in a red tube?

none

What additive is in a gold tube?

clot activator/glass partials with thixotropic gel

What additive is in a light green tube?

sodium/lithium heparin with thixotropic gel

What additive is in a green tube?

sodium/lithium heparin and ammonium heparin

What additive is in a lavender tube?

EDTA

What additive is in a pink tube?

EDTA

What additive is in a grey tube?

potassium oxalate and sodium fluoride

What additive is in a royal blue tube?

EDTA

What additive is in a tan tube?

lead free EDTA

What is the additive in an orange tube?

thrombin, coagulation accelerator

Name the department for the yellow tube

microbiology

Name the department for the light blue tube

coagulation

Name the department for the red tube

serology and immunohematology

Name the department for the gold tube

chemistry

Name the department for the green tube

chemistry

Name the department for the lavender tube

hematology

Name the department for the pink tube

blood bank

Name the department for the grey tube

chemistry

Name the department for the speciality tubes

chemistry

What is the special handling for a yellow top tube?

Drawn in Bottles, 1 aerobic and 1 anaerobic, & 8 to 10 ml of blood needed per bottle

What is the special handling for a light blue top tube?

9:1 Ratio blood to anticoagulant, (D-Dimer goes to Chemistry)

What is the special handling for a red top tube?

Cold Agglutinins - warm tube

What is the special handling for a gold top tube?

Lipid Panel-fasting test, Needs to clot 30 to 60 minutes before centrifugation

What is the special handling for a light green top tube?

STAT can be centrifuged immediately after the draw. Bilirubin must be kept from light

What is the special handling for a green top tube?

AMMONIA (place tube on ice immediately; must be run within 30 mins of collection)

What is the special handling for a lavender tube?

ESR, must have a full tube of its own.

What is the special handling for a pink top tube?

Special arm band and number system required

What is the special handling for a grey top tube?

Lactic acid, no tourniquet and must be on ice, Do not use 70% Isopropyl alcohol if iodine products to cleanse venipuncture site for ETOH

Name the common tests for a yellow tube

Blood culture

Name the common tests for a light blue tube

PT/APTT/Coagulation Studies

Name the common tests for a red tube

infectious mononucleosis, rheumatoid arthritis, syphilis, rubella titer, pregnancy test, cold agglutinins, haptoglobin and C-reactive protein

Name the common test for a gold tube

Lipid panel, BMP, CMP, TSH, Hepatic function tests, RENAL, THYROIDS, IRON, LIVER, CARDIAC, B12, FOLATE PSA, PRE-ALBUMIN, RPR, FA, CEA, CREATININE, CLEARANCE, CPK, LDL, HIV, HEPATITIS, ANA

Name the common test for a light green tube

TDM measurements, markers of cardiac damage, Troponin. Endocrine and metabolic disorders, STAT Chemistry Tests.

Name the common test for a green tube

Electrolytes, Ammonia

Name the common test for a lavender tube

Hemoglobin, hematocrit\= all blood counts, ESR, HgbA1C

Name the common test for a pink tube

T&C Match

Name the common test for a grey tube

FBS, GTT, ETOH, Lactic acid/ lactate, bicarbonate

Name the common test for a royal blue tube

Trace elements, trace metal analysis

Name the common test for a tan tube

Lead

Name the common test for a orange tube

Stat serum tests

How many inversions should be performed on a yellow tube?

8 to 10

How many inversions should be performed on a light blue tube?

3 to 4

How many inversions should be performed on a red tube?

0

How many inversions should be performed on a gold tube?

5

How many inversions should be performed on a light green tube?

5

How many inversions should be performed on a green tube?

8 to 10

How many inversions should be performed on a lavender tube?

8 to 10

How many inversions should be performed on a pink tube?

8 to 10

How many inversions should be performed on a grey tube?

8 to 10

How many inversions should be performed on a royal blue tube?

8 to 10

How many inversions should be performed on a tan tube?

8 to 10