World History II CP Study Guide: Revs & Nat – China, India

A set of vocabulary flashcards summarizing key terms, events, and figures related to the revolutions and nationalism in China and India.

Kuomintang (Nationalist Party)

Founded to eliminate foreign influence and unify China, significant in ending imperialism.

May 4th Movement

A protest by thousands of students in Beijing against foreign imperialism, marking the beginning of modern Chinese nationalism.

Chinese Communist Party

A group representing the Chinese working class which plays a large role in socialism with Chinese characteristics and maintains stable power.

Red Army

Established in 1918 to replace imperial military forces and essential for securing communist control in the Soviet state.

Long March

A series of marches by Communist armies to escape conflict, instrumental in establishing Maoism.

Rowlatt Acts

Legislation allowing arrest without warrant in India, leading to widespread protests and unification against British rule.

Amritsar Massacre

April 1919 event where British troops killed hundreds of unarmed protesters in India, catalyzing the independence movement.

Non-violence

The practice of abstaining from violence for social change, aiming to change the oppressor rather than destroy them.

Civil disobedience

The nonviolent refusal to comply with laws based on moral objections, crucial in movements like U.S. Civil Rights and Indian independence.

Salt March

A 1930 protest led by Gandhi against the British salt monopoly, marking the start of a nationwide civil disobedience movement.

Fasting

The practice of refraining from eating for a period, often for religious reasons.

Sun Yat-sen

A leader who organized anti-Qing societies, promoting republicanism in China.

Mao Zedong

The Chinese communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China in 1949.

Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)

Leader of the Nationalist Party in China, seeking to unify the nation.

Mohandas K. Gandhi

An Indian lawyer and nationalist leader who utilized nonviolent resistance to secure India's independence from British rule.

Conflict between tradition and reform in China

At the start of the 20th century, China faced a struggle between maintaining traditional imperialism and adapting to Western models for survival.

Sun Yat-sen’s People's Principles

Nationalism, Democracy, and Livelihood, which aimed to transform China into a modern republican state.

World War I's effect on China and the Kuomintang

Massive political and social changes in China, with nationalism surging and indirect impact on the Kuomintang's rise to power.

Mao’s version of communism (Maoism)

A form of communism that prioritizes the peasantry over the industrial proletariat, emphasizing perpetual class struggle.

Alliance collapse between Kuomintang and CCP

After Sun Yat-sen's death in 1925, the alliance fractured, culminating in a purge and the Chinese Civil War.

Chinese Civil War and the Long March

A strategic retreat (1934-1935) of the Communist Party forces to escape Nationalist destruction, turning defeat into resilience.

Effect of increased Japanese aggression on the Civil War

Forced a temporary truce, allowing Communists to expand their influence amid weakened Nationalist resistance.

Gandhi's independence strategies and results

Promoted non-violent protests and civil disobedience, significantly mobilizing mass resistance against British rule.