electron configuration test

Max Planck

tried to explain why the body changes colors as it’s heated, showed mathematically that radiant energy that is absorbed or emitted is directly proportional to frequency, Energy=plancks constant E=HF, he derived the word quantom

Quantom

smallest amount of energy that can be emitted in the form E.R. (electromagnetic radiation)

λ (Lambda)

wavelength

E stands for

Energy

𝜈 (nu)

frequency

how is frequency, wavelength, and energy connected

frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength (high frequency=short wavelength), energy is inversely proportional to wavelength, energy is directly proportional to frequency

Origin, crust, trough, amplitude, wavelength, frequency

Origin is the baseline of the energy, crest is the high point of the wave, trough is a low point on a wave, amplitude is the distance from the origin to crest, wavelength is the distance from crest to crest, frequency is the number of waves that pass on a given point per second

colors on the visible spectrum, what color makes up all the colors on the spectrum, and what’s the weakest and strongest color

• Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

• White

• Reds the weakest (low f long w)

• violets the strongest (high f short w)

in E.R. spectrum what’s the weakest and strongest wave

weakest= radio waves (low f, long w)

strongest= gamma rays (high f, short w)

photoelectric effect

designed by albert einstein, he used to it show that light is a stream of particles, he called the stream of particles photons

6 stages of electron movement

1- ground state= lowest possible energy

2-absorb a quantom of energy

3-quantom leap=abrupt change

4-excited state-electron has more energy

5- electron goes from the excited state back to the ground state, releasing energy in the form of a photon (light or color)

6- back to ground state

orbital

region in space/ around the nucleus where this is a high probability of finding and electron, they are types of shapes, also knows as sublevels and subshells

electron configuration

tells how electrons are arranged in different orbitals around the nucleus

energy levels

a specific energy an electron is allowed to have in an atom., 7 energy levels, symbolized by the letter N=

quantom numbers

numbers that specify the properties of the atomic orbitals and their elements

principal quantom number (N)

distance from the nucleus AKA shells or energy levels

angular momentum quantom number (I)

orbital shale AKA sublevels or subshells

magnetic quantom number (Mtiny1)

orbital position with respect to the x,y,z axis

spin quantom # (Ms)

has two possible values (+1/2 -1/2) and is needed to specify 1 of 2 possible orientations of and electron in an orbital

4 De brogile things

• light/ electrons have both properties of waves and particles

• all moving objects have wave properties

• for light E=hv=hc/w

• for particles E=mc²

schrödinger model tells us

the probility of location an electron at any given point

schrödinger determined electrons are not in orbits but

are found in differnt orbitals (shapes) in certain energy levels around the nucleus

schrödinger used..

mathematical solutions of more specifically his wave equation which gives us specific wave functions ^Ht=Et

wave function (t)

does not describe the exact location of an electron but tells us the position and time of an electron

heisenberg

it’s impossible to know the exact position and momentum of an electron the better you know one the worst you know the other

which scientists where battling

Einstein Schrödinger vs Bohr Heisenberg

einstein quote

God does not play dice with the universe

what did bohr and heisenberg change

change Schrodinger‘s weight function if you take the wave function, and you square it, it tells you the probability of locating an electron at a given point

what % probability of finding an electron at any given point

90%

which two elements change their electron configuration within themselves

copper and chromium

node

where these is a 0% chance of finding an electron

orbital shapes

s-spherical

p-peanut

d-dumbbell

f-flower

what’s a line spectra

The unique arrangement of colored lines for each element, causing every element to emit its own color and have its own unique fingerprint

in schrödingers model of the electron is treated as a

wave

in Schrodinger’s theory, what is an electron cloud

A region in the nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found

how does electron density relate to the location of an electron?

The more dense the higher chance of finding an electron there

ER has both properties of

wave and particles