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Testes

Primary male sex organs producing sperm and testosterone.

Accessory Glands

Include seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands.

Scrotum

External pouch housing and regulating testes temperature.

Spermatozoa

Mature male germ cells produced in testes.

Leydig Cells

Interstitial cells producing testosterone in testes.

Sertoli Cells

Support and nourish developing sperm cells.

Spermatogenesis

Process of sperm cell development from spermatogonia.

Acrosome

Structure containing enzymes aiding sperm penetration.

Rete Testis

Network of channels collecting sperm from seminiferous tubules.

Efferent Ductules

Connect rete testis to epididymis for sperm transport.

Epididymis

Site for sperm maturation and storage.

Ductus Deferens

Tube transporting sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct.

Semen Analysis

Assessment of sperm characteristics and fertility.

Orchitis

Inflammation of one or both testes, often infectious.

Seminal Vesicles

Glands producing fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.

Prostate Gland

Produces fluid that enhances sperm motility and viability.

Bulbourethral Glands

Secrete pre-ejaculatory fluid for lubrication.

Spermatids

Immature sperm cells undergoing maturation to spermatozoa.

Spermiogenesis

Final maturation phase transforming spermatids into spermatozoa.

Testicular Development

Process of testis formation and maturation during embryogenesis.

Mediastinum Testis

Thickened ridge connecting ducts and vessels within testis.

Cryptorchism

Condition of undescended testes affecting fertility.

Varicocele

Enlargement of veins within the scrotum, affecting sperm.

Semen Volume

Normal range is 2 - 6 mL per ejaculation.

Sperm Cell Count

Normal count is > 20 million/mL in semen.

Motility

Percentage of moving sperm, typically > 50%.

Morphology

Size and shape assessment of sperm cells.

Leukocyte Count

Normal count is < 1 million/mL in semen.

Fructose Levels

Normal range is 150 - 600 mg/dL in semen.

Ejaculatory Duct

Formed by seminal vesicle and vas deferens.

Reinke Crystals

Inclusion bodies found in Leydig cells.

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)

Serine protease for diagnosing prostatic diseases.

Prostatic Concretions

Eosinophilic bodies that calcify with age.

Spermatic Cord

Contains vas deferens, testicular artery, and veins.

Vasectomy

Surgical procedure for permanent male sterilization.

Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate; acute or chronic.

Male Urethra

Conducts urine and semen; three anatomical parts.

Prostatic Urethra

Part of urethra with prostate duct openings.

Membranous Urethra

Short segment traversing deep perineal pouch.

Penile Urethra

Longest segment; runs through corpus spongiosum.

Corpora Cavernosa

Paired erectile tissues in the penis.

Corpus Spongiosum

Contains penile urethra; located ventrally.

Erectile Dysfunction

Inability to maintain an erection.

Apical Stereocilia

Nonmotile projections aiding absorption in epididymis.

Lamina Propria

Connective tissue layer rich in elastic fibers.

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Type of epithelium in penile urethra.

Transitional Epithelium

Found in prostatic urethra; adapts to stretching.

Sympathetic Stimulation

Triggers smooth muscle contractions in reproductive ducts.

Surgical Clips

Used in vasectomy to block ductus deferens.

Pacinian Corpuscles

Sensory receptors abundant in the penis.

Fibroelastic Connective Tissue

Supports erectile tissues in the penis.

Citric Acid

Component of prostatic fluid; aids sperm motility.

Zinc

Found in prostatic fluid; stabilizes DNA.

Externa Genitalia

Scrotum and penis

Abdominal cavity

testes developed

TESTES

reside outside the body cavity in the scrotum, where they are suspended and maintained in position

spermatozoa

Testes contain small convoluted seminiferous tubules, whose germinal epithelium produces male germ cells known as

Leydig (interstitial) cells

Produce testosterone, the hormone responsible for male secondary sex characteristics; Histologically, seen in between seminiferous tubules

rete testis → efferent ductules (ductuli efferenti) → epididymis → ductus (vas deferens) → and ejaculatory ducts → and to the single urethra and penis

Pathway

Is seminal vesicle unpaired or paired?

Paired

Is prostate gland unpaired or paired

Unpaired

Is Bulbourethral glands unpaired or paired?

Paired