APUSH Unit 1

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Time Periods 1 (1491-1607) and 2 (1607-1754)

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58 Terms

1
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Land Bridge

A theoretical land connection that once existed between Asia and North America, allowing for the migration of early humans and animals during the last Ice Age.

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Woodland Mound Builders

another name for the Adena-Hopewell, a native culture famous for its large dirt mounds

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Iroquois Confederation

a political union of 5 tribes in New York’s Mohawk Valley. known for being a powerful military force

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Columbian Exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and Europe

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Line of Demarcation

a north-south line on the world map created by the pope in 1493 to divide the new world between Portugal and Spain

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Treaty of Tordesillas

a treaty between Portugal and Spain moving the line of demarcation a few degrees weset

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Christopher Columbus

discoverer/first conqueror of the “new world,” believed he was in china

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Conquistadors

Spanish conquerors during the 16th century

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Encomienda System

a Spanish system giving grants of land and natives to individual Spaniards in the New World

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Roanoke Island

location of Sir Walter Raleigh’s failed attempt to establish a settlement off the coast of North Carolina in 1587

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Bartolome de Las Casas

a Spanish priest who advocated for better treatment of the natives

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Valladolid Debate

the debate over the role of the natives in Spanish colonies

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Slave Trade

the forced transportation of Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas from the 16th to 19th centuries

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Corporate Colonies

operated by joint-stock companies

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Royal Colonies

under the direct authority and rule of the king’s government

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Proprietary Colonies

under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king

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Joint-Stock Company

pooled the savings of many investors, spreading and lessening the individual risk

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Virginia Company

sent settlers to create the colony of what is now known as Jamestown. guaranteed the settlers the same rights they would’ve had in England

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John Smith

the forceful leader of Jamestown, led the colony to manage to survive its first year by introducing a “no work, no food” policy

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John Rolfe

leader of Jamestown after John Smith, married to Pocahontas, led the colony to create a new variety of tobacco

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Virginia

the first royal colony; previously known as Jamestown

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Puritans

a group who believed the Church of England could be reformed; made up the group who sailed to Massachusetts and founded Boston

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John Winthrop

led ~1000 puritans to sail across the Atlantic and became the founder of Boston as a haven for Catholics. “city upon a hill”

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Great Migration

nearly 15,000 settlers traveling to Massachusetts Bay after a civil war in 1630s England

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House of Burgesses

the first representative assembly in America; created in Virginia a mere 12 years after the founding of Jamestown

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Mayflower Compact

an early form of colonial self-government; a rudimentary constitution

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Cecil Calvert

the second Lord Baltimore; created a haven for Catholics in America while also achieving great wealth in the colony

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Act of Toleration

the first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians but also called for the death of all who denied Jesus

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Indentured Servants

young people from the British Isles who agreed to work for a specified period (4-10 years) in exchange for a landowner paying for their passage to America alongside room and board

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Headright System

offered 50 acres of land to any immigrant who paid for their own passage or any plantation owner who paid for the passage of an immigrant

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Sir William Berkeley

the royal governor of Virginia; used dictatorial powers to govern the colony on behalf of the owners of the largest plantations

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Nathaniel Bacon

led a rebellion against Berkley on the behalf of the smaller farmers who were oppressed by the government. died of dysentary

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Roger Williams

a respected Puritan Minister who traveled to Boston in 1631. His teachings conflicted with those of the other Puritans, so he fled and founded Providence in 1639 alongside a few followers. founded one of the first Baptist churches in America

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Rhode Island

a colony unique for 2 reasons: (1) acknowledged the rights of the natives and paid them for use of the land and (2) allowed Catholics, Quakers and Jews to worship freely. known as the “sewer colony”

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Anne Hutchinson

a dissident who questioned the Puritan authorities and believed in antinomianism. founded Portsmouth in 1638 nearby to Providence

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Thomas Hooker

led a group of Boston Puritans to found the colony in Hartford. created the first written constitution in America

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John Davenport

founded New Haven as a second settlement in Connecticut in 1637

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James Oglethorpe

founder & governor of the Georgia colony. ran a rightly disciplined and military like colony. forbade alcohol, slaves, and catholocism

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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

first constitution in the colonies; created by Thomas Hooker in 1839

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Middle Passage

the specific branch of the Triangle Trade that involved the forced transport of African slaves to the New England colonies

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Grandparents

a part of the extended family “created” by the Puritans in New England due to their long life expectancy

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Powhatan

Native chief and founder of the Powhatan Confederacy in the James River area of eastern Virginia

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Pequot Wars

the general names for the wars and battles fought between the Europeans and the native populations in America in the early-mid 1800s

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New Amsterdam Harbor

also known as Manhattan. Purchased by the Dutch West India Company for only a few cents/acre. Company town run in the interests of stockholders. No interest in religious tolerance or democray; persecuted any religious dissenters

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Patroonships

feudal estates granted to promoters who would settle 50 people on them

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New Sweden

a small, under-funded colony near New Netherland, later absorbed by the Dutch.

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Peter Stuyvesant

Dutch general who led the attack on New Sweden leading to the colony being absorbed into New Netherland in 1655

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New York

the royal colony created in 1644 after the English takeover of the Dutch New Netherland and New Sweden

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Quakers

named after the way they acted during intense religious practices. offended both religious and secular leaders due to their refusal to pay taxes and treat upper classes with deference

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William Penn

aristocratic Quaker Englishmen who founded Pennsylvania in 1681 using a royal grant

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Pennsylvania

bought (didn’t forcibly take) land from the natives. led by a representative council elected by landowners (white men). allowed complete religious freedom - only used the death penalty for treason and murder. outlawed slavery.

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Blue Laws

against stage plays, cards, dice, gambling, & “excessive hilarity”

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New Jersey

land given to proprietary aristocrats (Quakers) by the Duke of New York. Many New England settlers moved here due to worn-out soil in their original colonies

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Delaware

named after a harsh military governor of Virginia. granted its own political assembly in 1703 but remained under the control of Pennsylvania

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Crèvecoeur

a Frenchman who settled in New York territory in 1759; wrote a book called Letters of an American Farmer that established a new standard for writing about America

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Jonathan Edwards

a Purist preacher during the Great Awakening known for using fear to communicate his message. Aaron Burr’s grandfather.

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George Whitefield

a travelling preacher during the Great Awakening that avoided fear tactics and formed a connection between the colonies by preaching the same message in many places

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Great Awakening

a Puritan religious revival of Protestant Christianity across British North America during the mid-1700s