US HIST FINAL (Good Luck guys!)

Who was Lyndon B Johnson?

JFK’s vice president. He was from a poo, rural background. He attended teacher college. He was a devoted ‘New Dealer.’

What was LBJ’s strengths?

Domestic issues

What were LBJ’s weaknesses?

Foreign affairs

What did LBJ declare war on?

He declared war on poverty.

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?

It outlawed Jim Crow segregation in employment & public accomodations.

What new programs did LBJ start?

1. Medicare

2. Headstart

3. Job Corps

4. Student loans

5. V.I.S.T.A.

Where did the U.S. and the U.S.S.R get involved in areas of decolonization.

1. Africa

2. Latin America

3. Asia

How was Vietnam split?

Communists were in the north & pro-democracy were in the south.

What was LBJ afraid of in regards of Vietnam?

He was afraid of losing it to communism.

What turns the Vietnam conflict into a war?

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution turns conflict into war

a. 1964 23,000 U.S. troops

b. 1968 500,000 U.S. troops.

What did the Hawks want the U.S. army to do?

They wanted to use the U.S. military more forcefully.

a. Conservative Republicans.

b. Military Retirees.

c. ‘Cold Warriors’

What did the Doves want the U.S. army to do?

They wanted the U.S. to negotiate for peace.

a. Liberal Democrats

b. Clergy

c. Teachers

d. College Students

Why did college enrollment double in 1965 and 1973 due to the Vietnam war?

Deferments were given to students.

Who served/was drafted into the Vietnam war?

African-Americans, Latinos, poor high-school dropouts.

How did students protest the Vietnam war?

a. Marches

b. Sit-ins

c. Refusing to attend classes.

What the hell happened in 1968?

Jan- Tet Offensive - Americans concluded war couldn’t be won.

March - MyLai Massacre & LBJ announcement

April - Dr. MLK killed

June - Bobby Kennedy killed

Aug - Democratic Party convention Fiasco

Nov - Election

Who won the election of 1968?

Richard Nixon won with Spiro Agnew as the VP.

Who did Nixon and Agnew appeal to?

They appealed to “middle America” tired of cultural revolution.

Who did Nixon and Agnew represent?

They represented the “silent authority” who wanted law & order.

What was the significance of the election of 1968 where Nixon won?

1. It ended thirty years of liberal reforms & activist foreign policy.

2. Americans wanted less intrusive government.

What were Nixon’s assumptions when it came to foreign policy?

a. cold war could be managed but not won

b. U.S. could not be the world’s police forever.

c. opening relations with China would neutralize soviet union.

Vietnam had deflated what two myths about the U.S.?

1. America was invincible

2. America is innocent.

What did Nixon approve of in Cambodia?

He approved secret bombings.

What did protests over Vietnam war result in?

Student death at two different colleges:

1. Kent State

2. Jackson State

What happened with Nixon’s VP?

Agnew resigned due to tax evasion and Gerald Ford became the new VP.

What did the Yom Kippur war result in?

It resulted in O.P.E.C oil embargo, which led to soaring oil prices and a recession by 1974.

What were the U.S.'s response to the energy crisis?

1. They created the energy czar

2. 10% reduction of air travel.

3. 55mph speed limit on interstate highways

4. Extension of daylight savings time

5. Gas rationing by state

What happened in June of 1972?

The democratic headquarters called “Watergate” was broken into.

Who did the Watergate breakin link back to?

It linked back to aids of Nixon.The widening scandal led to televised senate hearings.

What were the consequences for Nixon regarding Watergate?

It forced him to resign in Aug of 1974.

What did Watergate due to the public’s opinion of government?

It enhanced the public opinion of the media, congress, and federal judiciary and destroyed public trust of the executive branch of government.

Who was president after Nixon?

Gerald Ford was sworn in after Nixon resigned.

What was President Ford damaged by in the lead up to the Election of 1976?

His chances were damaged by the Watergate & Nixon pardon and Ronald Regan split the Republican vote during the primaries.

Who was the Democratic Candidate for the Election of 1976?

Jimmy Carter

Who was Jimmy Carter?

Governor of Georgia. He campaigned as an outsider of D.C. corruption. He called for decency & morality in govt.

What was Jimmy Carter’s greatest success?

The Camp David Accords (brought an end to warfare between Egypt & Israel).

What was Jimmy Carter’s failures?

Iranian hostages of the U.S. embassy was a major fuck up.

What was there a significant increase of which resulted in an altered family dynamic in the U.S.?

No fault divorce laws.

How did the rate of divorce increase?

1. 1965 - 480,000

2. 1975 - 1 million +

By 1980 what percentage of a certain group were in the workforce?

50% of mothers were in the work force?

What new concepts came about from half of the moms going to work?

1. “Latchkey kids” - kids who were home alone

2. After school programs

What were the economic conditions in the 1970s that led to “Stagflation.”

1. Rising prices (inflation)

2. Low economic growth

3. Rising unemployment (7-9%)

What industries did the U.S. fall behind Asia on in terms of production?

1. Electronics

2. Apparel

3. Automobiles

Why did the U.S. lose so many production jobs?

Companies found it cheaper to outsource their production to countries with cheaper production costs. So cheaper material and cost of labor (plus some countries did not have as tight of labor laws like the U.S. did).

Who ruled Iran before it’s revolution?

Sha M.R., who began his rule in 1941.

What did Shah M.R. do that made him unpopular politically?

He allied with the U.S. The CIA helped him root out political opponents

What did Shah M.R. do that made him unpopular with his own people?

He tried rapid modernization:

1. Western advisors

2. Woman’s suffrage

3. Recognition of Israel.

Who did Shah M.R. alienate with his rule?

He alienated traditional Muslims.

1. Rural

2. Poor

3. Uneducated

When was Shah forced to flee?

He was forced to flee in 1979.

Who took Shah M.R.’s place in government?

Ayatollah Khomeini was the new ruler of Iran.

What did Ayatollah Khomeini implement?

1. Theocracy

2. Strict standards of behavior, esp on women

3. Restriction of western influence.

What did Ayatollah Khomeini say about the U.S?

He called the U.S. the “Great Satan".”

What did Ayatollah support that was an indirect attack on the U.S.?

He su[pported the seizure of U.S. embassy. This was the biggest fault in the Carter presidency. Iranians held americans hostage for more than 6 years. This was a blow to American pride and played a factor in the election of 1980.

What happened in the Election of 1980?

Ronald Regan beat Jimmy Carter

What were Reagan’s strengths?

1. Warm, telegenic personality

2. Optimistic messages

3. Personally likeable, even to opponents.

What groups of people did Reagan pull from the Democrats?

The working class, and Jewish voters.

What was Regan’s nickname?

He was a “teflon president” because criticism did not seem to stick.

What did Regan believe he needed to do to support the “supply side” of the economic theory?

His approach was similar to Collidge in which he cut taxes on upper incomes to stimulate job creation. This didn’t work.

What did Reagan propose job cuts to?

He cut jobs in social programs and government bureaucracies.
He also fired air traffic controllers; this was a blow to organized labor.

What industries did Reagan deregulate?

He degregulated:

1. Airlines

2. Trucking

3. Financial Sector

What were the results to the Reagans cuts on regulation on the aforementioned industries?

1. Mergers

2. HUGE profits (that the American people didn’t see)

3. Abuses

What was Reagan’s was determined for the U.S. to be in terms of foreign policy?

He wanted the U.S. to be restored U.S. international position.

What actions were taken by Reagan to put U.S. onto international center stage?

1. Big increase in military spending.

2. Aggressive stance on U.S.S.R. (focus of evil in the world)

What did the Soviets do in Afghanistan that led to international outrage?

Soviet troops were sent there in 1979.

What did locals inspire Muslims to do in response to U.S.S.R invasion?

They inspire Muslims in “holy war” vs. U.S.S.R.

Who came into power over the U.S.S.R. in 1985?

Mikhail Gorbachev

Who did the freedom fighters (Mujahideen) have support from for years to be able to resist soviets?

1. Saudi Arabia

2. Pakistan

3. U.S.

What did the Afghan War become for the Soviets?

It was the Soviet’s “Vietnam.”

What did wealthy saudi, Osama Bin Laden, start?

A terrorist network called Al-Qaeda.

What was Tiananmen Square?

It was a chinese student protest that ended in the student being fired upon by the military.

What happened which “broke” the U.S.S.R.?

1. Soviet troops withdrew from Afghanistan

2. Berlin Wall came down peacefully

3. U.S.S.R. broke apart; communist party outlawed in Russia.

4. U.S. Only superpower left in the world.

Who were the candidates in the election of 1992?

George H.W. Bush

William J. Clinton

H Ross Perot

Who was George H.W. Bush

1. Reagan’s Vice-President

2. Elected President 1988

3. After operation desert storm approval rating 90%

4. Lingering economic malaise hurt his campaign

Who was William J. Clinton (Bill Clinton aka receiver of some major 🧠)

Governor of Arkansas

Charming, but dogged by ethical questions

Who was H. Ross Perot?

Texas Billionaire

Blunt, and outspoken

What was the major issue of the 1992 election?

NAFTA

What was NAFTA?

Agreement to establish free trade between

1. U.S.

2. Canada

3. Mexico

Who was NAFTA strongly opposed by?

1. Organized labor

2. Environmentalists

3. Democratic Core.

What did Clinton propose for the military?

Homosexuals to serve openly in armed forces. This was opposed by the military top brass and conservatives.

What was the compromise for the gays in the military issue?

“Don’t ask, Don’t tell” if no one asked if you were gay you weren’t expected to tell anyone you were gay.

What was Clinton’s approach to healthcare reform?

He appointed his wife, Hillary, to head task force to fix the spiraling costs and the availability of coverage. This went nowhere.

What were Clinton’s accomplishments

1. Reduction of Federal deficit

2. Strong stock market

3. Unemployment dropped to 4%

4. Welfare Reform Act (1996)

How did Clinton reduce the federal deficit?

1. He worked with Alan Greenspan who was the chair of the Fed. Reserve board.

Why was their a strong stock market during Clinton admin?

1. Boom in tech stocks

2. Rise in economic optimism.

Who won in the 2000 election between Gov. George W. Bush and Al Gore?

George W, Bush

What did Bush create as a “compassionate conservative”?

He created the office of Faith-Based & Community Initiatives.

He also headed the No Child Left Behind Act

How did Bush anger Environmental activist?

He went against Kyoto protocol to reduce carbon emissions.

Who did Bush’s tax cuts mostly benefit?

Wealthy Americans.

What is the definition of “Tribalism”

Quest for identity at the local level.

What are the features of “Tribalism”

1. Traditional values

2. Opposition to modernity

3. Alienation toward “The Other”

What were the manifestations of Tribalism?

1. Extreme nationalism

2. Religious orthodoxy

3. Indifference to government

4. Jibad

5. Terrorism

What was Bush’s “War on Terror” proposal to congress post 9/11?

1. Start hunt for Bin Laden

2. Continue to every terrorist group around the globe.

3. Campaign - open - ended.

What was the definition of the “Culture Wars”?

1. Ideals

2. Beliefs

3. Philosophies

What were the new issues between Liberals and Conservatives?

1. Abortion

2. Gun Control

3. Climate Change

4. Same-sex marriage

5. Religion in public spaces

Who was Barack Obama?

He was the first African American president of the U.S.

What did Obama seek global cooperation on?

1. Nuclear proliferation

2. Climate change

What was the Affordable Care Act (Obama Care)

1. Significant achievement

2. 20 million people gained health coverage.

What was the parison gridlock?

1. Legislative process slowed

2. Democrats lost more than 1000 seats

Who was Donald Trump?

1. 45th and 47th president of the U.S.

2. New York Businessman

What was Trump’s non-traditional campaign?

Use of social media for messaging

He used the “language of resentment” (think us vs. them mentality)