parasitology exam III

Taeniia pisiformis

dogs are the definitive host, rabbits are the intermediate host

Taeniia crassiceps

dogs are the definite host rodents are the intermediate

T. Taenia formis

Cats are the definite host and rodents are the intermediate host

Echinococcus granulosis

human/ sheep is the intermediate host, canids are is the definite host

What is the disease caused by E. granulosis?

cystic hydatdosis

What is the general life cycle of E. granulosis?

eggs in feces, human/ sheep eats, wake up in the gutm hexicanth larvae, mucose, blood to liver

what type of cyst is caused by E. granulosis?

hydatid cyst, usually in the liver

hydatid sand

protoscoleces break open and sediment

what is the best diagnostic method fro echinococus granulosis

fecal and scope, treat with PAIR method

hymenolepis deminiuta

definitive host: humans and rodents, intermediate host: weevils

what type of larvae us found in H dieminutia

cysticercoid

Hymenolepis nana

dwarf tapeworm that infects humans as the definitive and grain beetles as the definite

what is the disease caused by H. nana?

hymenolepiasis, caused cancer one time in an HIV patient

Dipylidium canium

definite host; dogs/cats, intermediate host: flea

what is the path of infection for D. canium?

dog easts flea, cycticercoid larvae, adult, release eggs, proglottids break out

D. canium clinical signs

proglottids crawl out of anus

hyperparasitim

done by D. canium, a parasite of a parasite

Monesia expansa

definitive host is ruminants, intermediate is soil mites

what type of larvae does M. expansa have?

cysticercoid

What is the clinical sign for M. expansa?

weight loss, diarrhea, death of young animals

Trichuris trichura

“whipworms”, only found in humans mostly in developing countries

what are the clinical signs of T. trichura?

blood loss, edema in mucosa, prolapse

what is the cycle of infection in T trichura?

humans eat egg, larvae travel through SI to LI, adults burrow into mucosa, eggs come out in feces

what are paths of infection for T. trichura?

produce in night soil, kids playing in dirt

What is the common treatment for all nematodes?

albendazole

Trichuris suis

infects pigs and humans, used in experimental immune studies

Trichinella spiralis

pork worm, zoonotic, caused by carnivorism

what is the disease caused by T. spiralis

trichinosis

trichinosis clinical signs

vomiting, diarrhea, periorbital edema, profound eosinophilia

what is the effect of nurse cell transformation?

anaerobic cells, loss of actin and myosin, tyvelose presence

T. spiralis diagnosis

serology, muscle biopsy to count larvae

Trichinella nativa

can survive freezing temps, most arctic carnivores have this

what is the cycle for T. spiralis

human ingest undercooked meat, burrow into mucosa, adults release eggs into the blood, go into striated muscle, muscle cell, nurse cell transformation

Capillaria hepatica

Intermediate host is rodents, eaten by carnivores (intermediate)

where does C. hepatica stay?

the liver

Necantor americanus

hookworms, L3 enter through skin

What is the path of infection for N. americanus?

L3 in skin, circulate to heart and lungs, alveoli, cough and swallow L3, adults into small intestne

what are the clinical signs of hookworm?

coughing, blood loss, villar damage, profound anemia, small and pale red cells, hyperproteinemia

how do you diagnose hookworms?

fecal and egg, treat with albendazole

hookworm control methods

Rockefeller started sanitary commission, built outhouses

Ancylostoma canium

cat and dog hookworms, can go transmammory/ placentally and infects puppies

A.canium in humans

L3 can burrow into skin- cutaneous larval migrans

Strongyloides sterocoralis

threadworms that infect dogs and humans

What mechanism does S. sterocoralis use for infection?

cough and swallow

precocious larvae

when L1 larvae in S. sterocoralis stay in lumen and molt to L3 causing hyperinfection

Strongyloides clinical signs

mucosal damage, disseminated larvae to other parts of the body (immunosupressed)

Ascaris lumbricoides

largest nematode in humans, causes ascariasis

What are the two types of ascaris eggs?

mamillated: strong, can survive formalin, decorticated

what type of life cycle does ascaris use?

fecal oral

What are the clinical signs for ascaris?

ileus: SI paralysis, volvulus: twisting

Toxocara canis/cati

ascarids that infect cats and dogs

what is the abberant host for T. canus, what disease is caused?

Humans, viceral larval migrans

How does T. canis affect animals?

can infect adults, go dormant in tissue, activated by pregnancy hormone, infect puppies transmammory/ placentally

what are the 4 geohelmenths?

Trichuris, Toxocara, ascarus, hookworms

Enterobius vernicularis

pinworms that float on air currents

how do humans get enterobius?

by ingesting the eggs

E. vermicularis life cycle

eggs in S.I, larvae eat bacteria, large intestine adults, female crawls out of anus, release eggs

what is the best test for Enterrobius vermicularis?

the scotch tape test